ArticleJournal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography2022
Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Static and Dynamic Normative Values of the Mitral Valve Apparatus: Results from the Multicenter World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study.
Article in Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of mitral valve parameters with gender and age in the Pakistani population: A 2-dimensional echocardiographic study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Deep Learning-Driven Innovations in Echocardiography: Taxonomy, Clinical Impact, Challenges, and Opportunities.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: do mitral valve leaflet length, septal thickness, or sex affect the outcome?Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Distinct leaflet-annular remodeling pattern in severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation: a three-dimensional echocardiography study.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Dynamic assessment of the tricuspid annulus in a healthy Asian population: A four-dimensional echocardiography study.Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- A case report of transcatheter repair of severe functional mitral regurgitation in cardiac amyloidosis.European heart journal. Case reports · 2023Article
- Clinical and Hemodynamic Implications of Mitral Annular Calcification.Journal of the Heart Valve SocietyArticle
- Mitral Regurgitation in Female Patients: Sex Differences and Disparities.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & InterventionsReview
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28 authors at 16 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent advances in mitral valve (MV) percutaneous interventions have escalated the need for a more quantitative and comprehensive assessment of the MV, which can be best achieved using three-dimensional echocardiography. Understanding normal valve size, structure, and function is essential for differentiation of healthy from disease states. The aims of this study were to establish normative values for MV apparatus size and morphology and to determine how they vary across age, sex, and race groups using data from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study.
methodsThree-dimensional volumetric data sets obtained on transthoracic echocardiography in 748 normal subjects (51% men) were analyzed using commercial MV analysis software (TomTec Imaging Systems) to determine annular and leaflet dimensions and areas. The subjects were divided into groups by sex (378 men and 370 women) and age (18 to 40 years [n = 266], 41 to 65 years [n = 249], and >65 years [n = 233]) to identify sex- and age-related differences. In addition, differences among black, white, and Asian populations were studied. Inter- and intraobserver variability was assessed in a subset of 30 subjects and expressed as mean absolute difference between pairs of repeated measurements.
resultsCompared with women, men had larger annular size measurements, larger tenting size parameters, and larger leaflet length and area. Compared with the black and white populations, the Asian population showed significantly smaller mitral annular size. Although many of the age, sex, and race differences in MV parameters were statistically significant, they were comparable with or smaller than the corresponding measurement variability. Indexing to body surface area and height did not eliminate these differences consistently, suggesting that parameters may need to be indexed according to their dimensionality.
conclusionsThis analysis of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography data provides normative values of mitral apparatus size and morphology. Although sex- and age-related differences were noted, they need to be interpreted with caution in view of the associated measurement variability.
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