Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35243622›Full record

ArticleHealth services research2022

Co-creating a Theory of Change to advance COVID-19 testing and vaccine uptake in underserved communities.

Nicole A Stadnick, Kelli L Cain, William Oswald, Paul Watson, Marina Ibarra, Raphael Lagoc, Lawrence O Ayers, Linda Salgin, Shelia L Broyles, Louise C Laurent and 2 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health services research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
12.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Ripple Effects Mapping: Evaluating Multilevel Perspectives and Impacts of a Statewide Community-Academic Partnership Network on Covid-19 Health Disparities.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Nicole A StadnickDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6520-2920
Kelli L CainThe Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
William OswaldThe Global Action Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Paul WatsonThe Global Action Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Marina IbarraThe Global Action Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Raphael LagocThe Global Action Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Lawrence O AyersDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Linda SalginSan Ysidro Health, San Diego, California, USA.
Shelia L BroylesDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Louise C LaurentDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Keith PezzoliDepartment of Urban Studies and Planning, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Borsika RabinDissemination and Implementation Science Center, UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9837-7866
University of California San Diego · USCenter for Effective Global Action · USAmerican Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · USSan Diego State University · US

Funding

Yeast Genetics and Stress Response Genes-BiomedicalP42ES010337 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI TUKEY, ROBERT H · 2000 to 2022
$69.8M
Adapting and Implementing an Integrated Care Model for Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Psychiatric ComorbidityK23MH110602 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI STADNICK, NICOLE A · 2017 to 2020
$813k
Refining and Implementing Technology-Enhanced Family Navigation to Promote Early Access and Engagement with Mental Health Services for Youth with AutismR34MH120190 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI STADNICK, NICOLE A · 2020 to 2022
$710k
NIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES010337NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH110602NIMH NIH HHS R34 MH120190
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo describe the use of a Theory of Change to meaningfully engage community members from or support underserved communities in two National Institutes of Health-funded implementation science projects aimed at promoting equitable access to COVID-19 testing and vaccination for underserved communities. STUDY

settingBoth projects focused on Latino, Black, and immigrant and refugee communities in South/Central San Diego and/or individuals accessing care at a federally qualified health center near the US/Mexico border during December 2020-April 2021. STUDY

designBy using a participatory action research design, Community Advisory Boards (CABs) were established for each project with 11 and 22 members. CAB members included community organizers, promotores de salud (community health workers), clinic providers and administrators, and public health researchers. The CABs were guided through a seven-session Theory of Change process, focused on identifying necessary conditions that must exist to eliminate COVID-19 disparities along with specified actions to create those conditions and a blueprint for assessing the impact of those actions. DATA COLLECTION: Each session lasted 2 h hosted virtually and was augmented by interactive web-based activities. There was a live interpreter who facilitated the participation of Spanish-speaking CAB members. A Theory of Change for each project was completed in approximately 4 months. PRINCIPAL

findingsNine necessary conditions were identified related to (1) accessible and available services; (2) culturally and linguistically competent programming; (3) investment in trusted community and faith leaders; (4) social safety nets to provide ancillary services. Corresponding actions to create these conditions and measures to indicate success in creating these conditions were operationalized by the CAB.

conclusionsWhile resource-intensive, a CAB-led Theory of Change process yielded a rich opportunity to engage diverse groups that typically are not invited to inform these processes.

Indexed as

COVID-19VaccinesCommunity Health WorkersCOVID-19 TestingHispanic or LatinoHumansVaccinescommunity engagementCOVID-19implementationmethodstestingTheory of Changevaccination

Identifiers

PMID35243622
PMCPMC9108217
OpenAlexW4214913560

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.