ArticleTranslational pediatrics2022
Risk factors for breakthrough urinary tract infection in children with vesicoureteral reflux receiving continuous antibiotic prophylaxis.
Article in Translational pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel clinical score to predict breakthrough urinary tract infection in children with VUR: meta-analytic derivation and real-world validation.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Pooled it
- Antibiotic Resistance Trends in Recurrent Paediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A Five-Year Single-Centre Experience.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of vesicoureteral reflux outcomes in infants under antibiotic prophylaxis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate the risk factors for breakthrough urinary tract infection (BT-UTI) in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) receiving continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP).
methodsThis was a single-centre cohort study (January 2016 to December 2019). The clinical data of 256 children with grade I-V VUR receiving CAP were analysed. In this study, exposure variables were sex, younger age at the initial diagnosis of UTI ≤12 months, high-grade VUR, bilateral VUR, aetiology, presence of renal scarring at the initial diagnosis, presence of renal function impairment at the initial diagnosis, ultrasound abnormalities, antibiotic used and bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD). Outcome was BT-UTI.
resultsBT-UTI occurred in 81 out of 256 children with grade I-V VUR who received CAP, an incidence of 31.64%. Univariate analysis showed that younger age at the initial diagnosis of UTI (≤12 months), bilateral VUR, renal scarring on the dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan at the initial diagnosis of UTI and BBD were correlated with the occurrence of BT-UTI. Multivariate analysis showed that younger age at the initial diagnosis of UTI (≤12 months) [hazard ratio (HR): 4.629; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.302-16.462], bilateral VUR (HR: 2.078; 95% CI: 1.084-4.022) and BBD (HR: 3.194; 95% CI: 1.243-8.206) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of BT-UTI.
conclusionsFor VUR children receiving CAP, younger age at the initial diagnosis of UTI (≤12 months), bilateral VUR, and BBD were independent risk factors for the occurrence of BT-UTI.
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