ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Research Progress in the Application of Exosomes in Immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modulating tumor-associated macrophages through APP-CD74 blockade with IL4R-exosomes synergizes with PD-1 inhibition in gastric cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Macrophage-Based Nanoplatforms for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery and Cancer Immunomodulation: Extracellular Vesicles, Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles, and Live Cells.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Characterization and biological health implications of microRNAs from human milk and infant formulas.NPJ science of food · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Inflammatory Diseases: Revealing Mechanisms of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Macrophage Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory Significance of Mast Cell Exosomes (MC-EXOs) in Immune Response Coordination.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Exosomes as drug delivery systems in glioma immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Circulating T cell specific extracellular vesicle profiles in cardiac allograft acute cellular rejection.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory effect of PLGA-encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Role of dendritic cell‑derived exosomes in allergic rhinitis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Advances in Purification, Modification, and Application of Extracellular Vesicles for Novel Clinical Treatments.Membranes · 2022Review
- Regulation of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immune Responses against Antigen-Specific Presentation.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Review
- A New Target of Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cell-Based Therapy on Recipient Bone Marrow Niche in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation of macrophage polarization in bacterial infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are present in all body fluids tested. They are secreted by a variety of cells including macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and tumor cells. Exosomes secreted by different cells have different biological components and functional characteristics and play an important role in many pathophysiological activities. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes can regulate the occurrence and development of inflammatory immune diseases and tumors by transmitting their unique proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids as signaling molecules to other cells. Exosomes serve as a novel class of diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery systems with promising applications in immunotherapy, particularly because breakthroughs in nanotechnology have led to the development and exploration of engineered exosomes for immunotargeted therapies. Therefore, here we review the progress being made on the application of exosomes in immunotherapy and its multiple regulatory mechanisms and explore the potential application of exosomes in immunotherapy in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.