ArticleMaturitas2022
Men with COVID-19 die. Women survive.
Article in Maturitas, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predictors of Severe Outcomes in COVID-19: Evidence from Real-World Multicenter Retrospective Study (2020-2024).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Cognition-associated gray matter volume alterations in long-COVID show sex-specific patterns.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Testosterone and estradiol reduce inflammation of human macrophages induced by anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG.European journal of immunology · 2024Article
- Effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Cellular Immunity Parameters and Cytokine Profile.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Exploring the intersection of obesity and gender in COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized Mexican patients: a comparative analysis of risk profiles using unsupervised machine learning.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Aging and the COVID-19 pandemic: The inter-related roles of biology, physical wellbeing, social norms and global health systems.Maturitas · 2023Review
- Testosterone suppression combined with high dose estrogen as potential treatment of SARS-CoV-2. A mini review.Heliyon · 2022Review
- More on age and gender in COVID-19.Maturitas · 2022Article
- Men with COVID-19 die. Women survive…at any age!Maturitas · 2022Article
- Efficacy and safety of oral antivirals in individuals aged 80 years or older with mild-to-moderate COVID-19: preliminary report from an Italian Prescriber Center.Le infezioni in medicina · 2022Article
- Biofunctional roles of estrogen in coronavirus disease 2019: Beyond a steroid hormone.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The severity and mortality rate of COVID-19 differ between the sexes. Several biopsychosocial determinants may account for the better outcomes in women. The notion that sex steroid hormones account for the gender disparity is reasonable but not proven; the same is true of the role of menopause as a risk factor. A retrospective analysis of patients (=1764) hospitalized in Italy showed a higher mortality (HR 1.58, 95%CI 1.30-1.91, adjusted for age and multi-comorbidities) in males only after the age of 65 (the rate is twice as high in the 65-79-year age group and 1.5-fold higher in those aged over 80). The higher mortality of men is mostly evident among those aged over 65 years, long after the average age of menopause.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.