ArticleBMC research notes2022
Catastrophic health expenditure due to hospitalisation for COVID-19 treatment in India: findings from a primary survey.
Article in BMC research notes, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the financial hardships faced by TB and HIV patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-method study in Bandung and Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Health policy and planning · 2025Article
- Assessment of COVID-19 hospitalisation cost and its associated factors in Nepal: a descriptive cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Household healthcare expenditure: A cross-sectional analysis of urban and rural Puducherry, South India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Article
- Thinking politically about intersectoral action: Ideas, Interests and Institutions shaping political dimensions of governing during COVID-19.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- The impact of Covid-19 in Chhattisgarh, India: A descriptive study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Out-of-pocket expenditures in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Review
- Impact of community health workers on improving identification and primary care of hypertension among the urban poor - findings from Chhattisgarh state of India.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Catastrophic health expenditure during the COVID-19 pandemic in five countries: a time-series analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Article
- An Analysis of COVID-19 Mortality in Chhattisgarh: A Two-Year Study on Demographics, Trends, and Impacts.Cureus · 2023Article
- Household catastrophic health expenditure for COVID-19 during March-August 2021, in South India: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Achieving Universal Health Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges for Policy Post-Pandemic and Beyond.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2023Review
- Out-of-pocket expenditure and catastrophic costs due to COVID-19 in Indonesia: A rapid online survey.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Assessing the time use and payments of multipurpose community health workers for the various roles they play-a quantitative study of the Mitanin programme in India.BMC health services research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread illness and a significant proportion of the infected required hospitalisation for treatment. People in developing countries like India were vulnerable to high hospitalisation costs. Despite its crucial importance, few primary studies are available on this aspect of the pandemic. This study was aimed at finding out the out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) and incidence of catastrophic expenditure on hospitalisation of persons infected with COVID-19. A primary survey of 492 randomly selected hospitalisations of individuals tested positive for COVID-19 in high-burden districts during August to November 2020 was carried out telephonically in Chhattisgarh state of India.
resultsPublic hospitals accounted for 69% of the hospitalisations for COVID-19 treatment. Mean OOPE per hospitalisation was Indian Rupees (INR) 4871 in public hospitals and INR 169,504 in private hospitals. Around 3% of hospitalisations in public hospitals and 59% in private hospitals resulted in catastrophic expenditure, at a threshold of 40% of non-food annual household expenditure. Enrolment under publicly or privately funded health insurance was not effective in curtailing OOPE. Multivariate analysis showed that utilisation of private hospitals was a key determinant of incurring catastrophic expenditure.
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