ArticleMalaria journal2022
Blood-feeding patterns of Anopheles vectors of human malaria in Malawi: implications for malaria transmission and effectiveness of LLIN interventions.
Article in Malaria journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feeding and resting behaviours of natural Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in an area of low malaria transmission in south-western Senegal: A comparative study between mainland and island settings.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Mosquito Feeding Preference, Infectivity Rates, and Knockdown Resistance Within the Wild Population ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- ElevatedInsects · 2025Article
- Host Preferences and Impact of Climate on Blood Feeding inTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- The impact of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (VectobacMalaria journal · 2024Article
- The complexities of blood-feeding patterns in mosquitoes and sandflies and the burden of disease: A minireview.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Review
- Article
- Blood meals from 'dead-end' vertebrate hosts enhance transmission potential of malaria-infected mosquitoes.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Host feeding preferences of malaria vectors in an area of low malaria transmission.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Genotyping of Anopheles mosquito blood meals reveals nonrandom human host selection: implications for human-to-mosquito Plasmodium falciparum transmission.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Malawi ICEMR Malaria Research: Interactions and Results Influencing Health Policies and Practices.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Understanding the Intransigence of Malaria in Malawi.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundAccess to human hosts by Anopheles mosquitoes is a key determinant of vectorial capacity for malaria, but it can be limited by use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). In Malawi, pyrethroid-treated LLINs with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were distributed to control malaria. This study investigated the blood-feeding patterns of malaria vectors and whether LLINs containing pyrethroid and PBO led to a reduction of human blood feeding than those containing only pyrethroids.
methodsMosquitoes were sampled inside houses from May 2019 through April 2020 by aspiration, pyrethrum spray catch, and light trap methods in two sites. One site (Namanolo, Balaka district) had LLINs containing only pyrethroids whereas the other (Ntaja, Machinga district) had LLINs with both pyrethroids and PBO. Anopheles species, their blood-meal host, and infection with Plasmodium falciparum were determined using PCR methods.
resultsA total of 6585 female Anopheles were sampled in 203 houses. Of these, 633 (9.6%) were blood-fed mosquitoes comprising of 279 (44.1%) Anopheles arabiensis, 103 (16.3%) Anopheles gambiae 212 (33.5), Anopheles funestus, 2 (0.3%), Anopheles parensis and 37 (5.8%) were unidentified Anopheles spp. Blood meal hosts were successfully identified for 85.5% (n = 541) of the blood-fed mosquitoes, of which 436 (81.0%) were human blood meals, 28 (5.2%) were goats, 11 (2.0%) were dogs, 60 (11.1%) were mixed goat-human blood meals, 5 (0.9%) were dog-human, and 1 was a mixed dog-goat. Human blood index (fraction of blood meals that were humans) was significantly higher in Namanolo (0.96) than Ntaja (0.89). Even though human blood index was high, goats were over-selected than humans after accounting for relative abundance of both hosts. The number of infectious Anopheles bites per person-year was 44 in Namanolo and 22 in Ntaja.
conclusionAlthough LLINs with PBO PBO may have reduced human blood feeding, access to humans was extremely high despite high LLIN ownership and usage rates in both sites. This finding could explain persistently high rates of malaria infections in Malawi. However, this study had one village for each net type, thus the observed differences may have been a result of other factors present in each village.
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