SynthesisArquivos de neuro-psiquiatria2022
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with COVID-19-associated central nervous system manifestations: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and evidence gap mapping of biomarkers associated with neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by acute longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and pulmonary embolism: a case report.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Elevated neuroinflammation, autoimmunity, and altered IgG glycosylation profile in the cerebral spinal fluid of severe COVID-19 patients.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Profiling Reveals Proteins Associated with Neuroinflammatory Response in COVID-19 Patients.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid profile in coronavirus disease 2019, a prospective case series study.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Neurologic sequelae of COVID-19 are determined by immunologic imprinting from previous coronaviruses.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations complicated by transverse myelitis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid composition can accompany central nervous system involvement in COVID-19.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Article
- Reply to the Letter: "Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid composition can accompany CNS involvement in COVID-19".Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Article
- Immunodeficiency Should Be Excluded in Patients With Recurrent Viral Meningitis and Breakthrough COVID-19.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Article
- Role of SARS-CoV-2 in Modifying Neurodegenerative Processes in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of COVID-19 Neuropathology.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) symptoms may occur in patients with acute COVID-19. The role of CSF examination in these patients remains to be established.
objectiveA systematic review of CSF findings relating to COVID-19 was carried out.
methodsCSF parameters, including cytological and biochemical analyses, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and other CSF markers, were recorded and analyzed among patients with acute COVID-19 and one of the following CNS syndromes: stroke, encephalopathy, encephalitis, inflammatory syndromes, seizure, headache and meningitis.
resultsIncreased white blood cells and/or increased protein concentration were found in 52.7% of the patients with encephalitis, 29.4% of the patients with encephalopathy and 46.7% of the patients with inflammatory syndromes (P < 0.05). CSF RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 17.35% of the patients with encephalitis and less than 3.5% of the patients with encephalopathy or inflammatory syndromes (P < 0.05). Intrathecal production of immunoglobulins was found in only 8% of the cases. More than 85% of the patients had increased CSF cytokines and chemokines. Increased CSF neurofilament light chain (NfL) and CSF Tau were found in 71% and 36% of the cases, respectively.
conclusionNon-specific inflammatory CSF abnormalities were frequently found in patients with COVID-19 CNS syndromes. The increase in neurodegeneration biomarkers suggests that neuronal damage occurs, with long-term consequences that are still unknown.
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