ArticlePloS one2022
Co-infection of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C among HIV-infected patients: A cross-sectional study from tertiary care hospital of eastern Nepal.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seroprevalence and Early Indicators of HBV and HCV Co-infection Among Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from India.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- An update on bloodborne viruses among people who inject drugs in South Asia.Harm reduction journal · 2026Review
- Seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV/HCV/HIV triple co-infection among HIV patients receiving HAART at a Tertiary Hospital in Makurdi, Nigeria.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- HIV/AIDS and HBV co-infection with optimal control strategies and cost-effectiveness analyses using integer order model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular analysis of HBV pre-core gene mutations in patients co-infected with HIV at a tertiary care hospital in North India.Access microbiology · 2025Article
- People living with HIV co-infected with HBV at the Nkembo Outpatient Treatment Center, Gabon: prevalence and associated factors.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Ritonavir: 25 Years' Experience of Concomitant Medication Management. A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Review
- A dynamical optimal control theory and cost-effectiveness analyses of the HBV and HIV/AIDS co-infection model.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Fostering Patient-Clinician Communication to Promote Rapid HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Diagnostic Testing: Conceptual Development of a Multilingual App.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- HCV Co-Infection and Its Genotypic Distribution in HIV-Infected Patients in Nepalese Population.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Awareness, Concerns, and Protection Strategies Against Blood-Borne Viruses Among Emergency Medicine Staff.Cureus · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThis study was conducted with an objective to analyze prevalence and risk factors associated with co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV-positive patients with reference to their CD4+ T cell status. MATERIALS AND
methodsHIV-positive patients visiting the HIV clinic for CD4+ T cells testing at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences were tested for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Data regarding age, gender, mode of HIV transmission, duration of HIV diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy status, antiretroviral therapy duration, hepatitis B or C status, and CD4+ T cells count were collected via face-to-face interview, and hospital records. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2019 v16.0 (Microsoft, WA, USA) and statistical analysis was performed by using statistical package for social sciences, IBM SPSS® v21 (IBM, Armonk, New York).
resultsOut of 474 HIV-positive patients, HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections were seen in 2.95% (14/474), 18.14% (86/474), and 2.53% (12/474) respectively. The primary route of infection was intra-venous drug use (IVDU) in those co-infected with HBV only (8, 57.14%), HCV only (46, 53.49%), and both HBV and HCV (8, 66.67%). HIV patients infected via IVDU were 2.40 times more likely to have HIV-HCV co-infection as compared to those infected via sexual route (AOR 2.40, 95% CI: 1.49,3.86). Similarly, HIV patients with CD4+ T cells count less than 350 cells/mm3 were more likely to have HIV-HBV-HCV co-infection as compared to those with CD4 count equal to and more than 350 cells/mm3 (AOR 13.84, 95% CI: 2.90,66.10).
conclusionHIV-positive patients are at high risk of hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C co-infection. Intravenous drug use, and lower CD4+T cells count are the most important risk predictors of co-infection. All HIV-positive patients should be carefully screened with hepatitis B and hepatitis C tests during their follow-up.
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