ArticleEndocrine2022
The potential impact of COVID-19 on thyroid gland volumes among COVID-19 survivors.
Article in Endocrine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroxine changes in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Endocrine complications of COVID-19: diabetes, musculoskeletal, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal disorders.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- Hormonal Implications of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Endocrine Disruptions.Scientifica · 2025Review
- Thyroid function, autoimmunity, thyroid volume, and metabolic profile in people with Hashimoto thyroiditis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Review
- Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Thyroid Density in CT Imaging as a Potential Marker of Lung Involvement in COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Stable thyroid function despite regular use of povidone-iodine throat spray for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis.Annals of medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- COVID-19 and thyroid function: What do we know so far?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeData about the effects of COVID-19 on the endocrine system are increasing over time. In the present study, we investigated the effects of COVID-19 on the thyroid gland among COVID-19 survivors by comparing them with healthy subjects.
methodsAdult COVID-19 survivors who were managed and followed up in the Infectious Disease clinic were asked to participate in this study. COVID-19 survivors were recruited via a convenience sampling and those who agreed to participate in this study were seen by endocrinologists for assessments. The blood tests were obtained for thyroid antibodies and thyroid function tests. Thyroid ultrasonography (USG) was done by the same physician. The ellipsoid formula was used for the calculation of thyroid gland volume.
results64 adult COVID-19 survivors and 70 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The COVID-19 survivors were evaluated at median 5.7 months (IQR: 4-6.5) (range: 2-7 months) after acute infection. The mean thyroid gland volume was significantly lower in COVID-19 survivors (10.3 ± 3.4 mL) than in the controls (14 ± 5.3 mL) (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels between the groups. Among the twelve patients who had thyroid function evaluated in acute COVID-19, fT3 values were lower in acute COVID-19 than at the time of USG evaluation (3.04 ± 0.41 vs 3.47 ± 0.31 pg/mL), (p = 0.02). Among COVID-19 survivors, mild TSH elevation was detected in 4 (6.2%) patients and all of the other COVID-19 survivors (93.7%) were euthyroid.
conclusionsAt 6 months after acute COVID, COVID-19 survivors had smaller thyroid gland volume than healthy controls, and only a few of the COVID-19 survivors had abnormal thyroid function.
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