SynthesisPsychological bulletin2021
Sleep deprivation and memory: Meta-analytic reviews of studies on sleep deprivation before and after learning.
Synthesis in Psychological bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sleep and cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis; a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sleepiness During Night Shifts and Nurses' Self-Reported Cognitive Control, Cognitive Flexibility, and Handover Effectiveness: A Cross-Sectional Study.International nursing review · 2026Article
- Evidence on Sleep and Academic Achievement in First-Year University Students: A Scoping Review.Clocks & sleep · 2026Review
- Review
- Protecting episodic memory after sleep loss: Similar benefits of exercise and naps via distinct neural contributions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Public involvement and co-design of longitudinal studies of sleep health alongside young people with rare genetic conditions.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- Integration of Transcriptomics With Interpretable Artificial Intelligence for Identifying Molecular Signatures of Physiological Stress in Sleep Deprivation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Sleep deprivation and memory: A neurobiological perspective.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Comparative effects of diazepam administration and chronic sleep deprivation on cognitive function and biochemical markers in rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- METTL3-mediated mTranslational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Hydrogen-Mediated Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway Improves Cognitive Impairment in Sleep-Deprived Mice.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Memory consolidation during sleep: a facilitator of new learning?Neuropsychologia · 2026Review
- Increasing Numbers of Persons with Sleeping Problems in Sweden.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Modelling the associations between faculty support and academic satisfaction among nursing students: Mediating roles of sleep problems and smartphone addiction.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Article
- Factors associated with sleep quality and duration in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- The categorical effect of negative emotion on memory before and after sleep deprivation.Neuropsychologia · 2025Article
- Sleep longer, think sharper: extra sleep offsets poor sleep quality in young-old adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Sleep duration associated with acute care utilization: Revisiting Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use.Sleep health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Research suggests that sleep deprivation both before and after encoding has a detrimental effect on memory for newly learned material. However, there is as yet no quantitative analyses of the size of these effects. We conducted two meta-analyses of studies published between 1970 and 2020 that investigated effects of total, acute sleep deprivation on memory (i.e., at least one full night of sleep deprivation): one for deprivation occurring before learning and one for deprivation occurring after learning. The impact of sleep deprivation after learning on memory was associated with Hedges' g = 0.277, 95% CI [0.177, 0.377]. Whether testing took place immediately after deprivation or after recovery sleep moderated the effect, with significantly larger effects observed in immediate tests. Procedural memory tasks also showed significantly larger effects than declarative memory tasks. The impact of sleep deprivation before learning was associated with Hedges' g = 0.621, 95% CI [0.473, 0.769]. Egger's tests for funnel plot asymmetry suggested significant publication bias in both meta-analyses. Statistical power was very low in most of the analyzed studies. Highly powered, preregistered replications are needed to estimate the underlying effect sizes more precisely. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.