ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021
Comparison of Strategies for Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in India: A Cost-Effectiveness Modeling Study.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- An observer-blinded, cluster randomised trial of a typhoid conjugate vaccine in an urban South Indian cohort.Trials · 2023Trial
- Programmatic Effectiveness of a Pediatric Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Campaign in Navi Mumbai, India.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Economic burden of typhoid fever by antimicrobial resistance in India: a modelling study 2023.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Examining epidemiological models and economic analyses of typhoid conjugate vaccine: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Changes in enteric fever trends during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project: a cross-sectional study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Effects of household concrete floors on maternal and child health: the CRADLE trial - a randomised controlled trial protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in India: A review of supportive evidence.Vaccine: X · 2024Review
- Effects of household concrete floors on maternal and child health - the CRADLE trial: a randomised controlled trial protocol.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness and public health impact of typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction strategies in Bangladesh.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Spatial heterogeneity of socio-economic determinants of typhoid/paratyphoid fever in one province in central China from 2015 to 2019.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Comparison of model predictions of typhoid conjugate vaccine public health impact and cost-effectiveness.Vaccine · 2023Article
- Article
- Typhoid in India: An Age-old Problem With an Existing Solution.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Geographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in India: A Model-Based Estimate of Cohort and Surveillance Data.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTyphoid fever causes substantial global mortality, with almost half occurring in India. New typhoid vaccines are highly effective and recommended by the World Health Organization for high-burden settings. There is a need to determine whether and which typhoid vaccine strategies should be implemented in India.
methodsWe assessed typhoid vaccination using a dynamic compartmental model, parameterized by and calibrated to disease and costing data from a recent multisite surveillance study in India. We modeled routine and 1-time campaign strategies that target different ages and settings. The primary outcome was cost-effectiveness, measured by incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) benchmarked against India's gross national income per capita (US$2130).
resultsBoth routine and campaign vaccination strategies were cost-saving compared to the status quo, due to averted costs of illness. The preferred strategy was a nationwide community-based catchup campaign targeting children aged 1-15 years alongside routine vaccination, with an ICER of $929 per disability-adjusted life-year averted. Over the first 10 years of implementation, vaccination could avert 21-39 million cases and save $1.6-$2.2 billion. These findings were broadly consistent across willingness-to-pay thresholds, epidemiologic settings, and model input distributions.
conclusionsDespite high initial costs, routine and campaign typhoid vaccination in India could substantially reduce mortality and was highly cost-effective.
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