ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021
Cost of Illness Due to Severe Enteric Fever in India.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Out-of-pocket expenditure on medicine for chronic patients and its economic impact on Indian households: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Economic burden of typhoid fever by antimicrobial resistance in India: a modelling study 2023.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Examining epidemiological models and economic analyses of typhoid conjugate vaccine: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Frequency of typhoid-related intestinal perforation with atypical clinical presentation at Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- A systematised review and evidence synthesis on the broader societal impact of vaccines against Salmonella.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- IAPSM's Position Paper on Typhoid Vaccines for Adult Immunization in India.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2024Article
- Typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in India: A review of supportive evidence.Vaccine: X · 2024Review
- Adult vaccination in India: A rapid review of current status & implementation challenges.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility & out of pocket expenditure of severe enteric fever in Chandigarh, north India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Article
- The cost of typhoid illness in low- and middle-income countries, a scoping review of the literature.PloS one · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- The economic impact of a COVID-19 illness from the perspective of families seeking care in a private hospital in India.Dialogues in health · 2023Article
- Typhoid in India: An Age-old Problem With an Existing Solution.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Cost effectiveness of typhoid vaccination in India.Vaccine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLack of robust data on economic burden due to enteric fever in India has made decision making on typhoid vaccination a challenge. Surveillance for Enteric Fever network was established to address gaps in typhoid disease and economic burden.
methodsPatients hospitalized with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever and nontraumatic ileal perforation were identified at 14 hospitals. These sites represent urban referral hospitals (tier 3) and smaller hospitals in urban slums, remote rural, and tribal settings (tier 2). Cost of illness and productivity loss data from onset to 28 days after discharge from hospital were collected using a structured questionnaire. The direct and indirect costs of an illness episode were analyzed by type of setting.
resultsIn total, 274 patients from tier 2 surveillance, 891 patients from tier 3 surveillance, and 110 ileal perforation patients provided the cost of illness data. The mean direct cost of severe enteric fever was US$119.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], US$85.8-152.4) in tier 2 and US$405.7 (95% CI, 366.9-444.4) in tier 3; 16.9% of patients in tier 3 experienced catastrophic expenditure.
conclusionsThe cost of treating enteric fever is considerable and likely to increase with emerging antimicrobial resistance. Equitable preventive strategies are urgently needed.
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