ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2022
Association between two mass-gathering outdoor events and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the fifth wave of COVID-19 in north-east Spain: A population-based control-matched analysis.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evidence of Face Masks and Masking Policies for the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and COVID-19 in Real-World Settings: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
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- COVID-19 Incidence and Age Eligibility for Elementary School.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Impact of the 2022 African Cup of Nations mass-gathering event on the COVID-19 epidemic in Garoua, Cameroon.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Glastonbury Festival: Medical Care at the World's Largest Greenfield Music Festival.Prehospital and disaster medicine · 2024Article
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- Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 during a mass sporting event in the City of Cape Town, Western Cape.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Syndromic surveillance during 2022 Uganda Martyrs' commemoration.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 transmission modes: Why and how contamination occurs around shared meals and drinks?Food microbiology · 2023Review
- From Microscopic Droplets to Macroscopic Crowds: Crossing the Scales in Models of Short-Range Respiratory Disease Transmission, with Application to COVID-19.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Attending sporting mega events during COVID-19: mitigation and messaging at UK EURO 2020 matches.Health promotion international · 2023Article
- The Agile Co-production and Evaluation framework for developing public health interventions, messaging and guidance.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- A large outbreak of COVID-19 linked to an end of term trip to Menorca (Spain) by secondary school students in summer 2021.PloS one · 2023Observational
- Re-examining the importance of mask-wearing at mass gathering events.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2022Article
- Re-examining the importance of mask-wearing at mass gathering events-Authors' reply.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2022Article
- Outdoor mass gathering events and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Catalonia (North-East Spain).The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany countries have resumed mass-gathering events like music festivals, despite the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreading. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of two mass-gathering outdoor events, held during a peak of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, on COVID-19 incidence.
methodsThis was a retrospective, population-based control-matched analysis. The study population included attendees to two outdoor music festivals held in Catalonia (North-East Spain). The primary objective was to compare the incidence of COVID-19 within the 3-to-10 days following the event between attendees and a population-based control group.
findingsThe analysis included 18,275 and 27,347 attendees to the first and second festivals, respectively, and their corresponding controls. The post-festival 7-day cumulative COVID-19 incidence among attendees and controls was 4.14% (95% CI 3.86-4.44) vs. 1.69% (1.51-1.88) for the first festival (RR 2.46; 2.16-2.80), and 2.42% (2.35-2.61) and 1.10% (0.99-1.2) for the second festival (RR 2.19; 1.92-2.51). COVID-19 incidence among immunized individuals was also two-fold higher in attendees than in controls. Previous COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and adequate mask-wearing were significantly associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 infection after the events.
interpretationDespite the proven effectiveness of preventive measures such as Ag-RDT screening, mask-wearing and vaccination, caution should be taken when holding these events during a period of high community SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
fundingCrowdfunding campaign YoMeCorono (https://www.yomecorono.com/) and the Generalitat de Catalunya.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.