ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2022
Associations Between Gestational Weight Gain and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study of 9 Million Mother-Infant Pairs.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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29 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modelling gestational weight gain trajectories and risk of adverse birth outcomes using super imposition by translation and rotation: findings from two Brazilian cohort studies.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Development of Thai-Specific Gestational Weight Gain Targets Using Asian BMI Cut-Points: Implications for Nursing and Midwifery Practice in Preventing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Thalamic, Hippocampal, and Amygdalar subregional volumetric alterations in neonates with isolated aEEG abnormalities.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Influence of Preconception Maternal BMI and Gestational Weight Gain on Perinatal Outcomes.Cureus · 2026Article
- Effects of gestational weight gain based on weight-recommended guidelines (2022) in China on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Relationship between maternal lipid profile during the third trimester and the risk of small-for-gestational-age birth: exploring inadequate gestational weight gain as a mediator.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- The rare glucose response curve during oral glucose tolerance tests in pregnant Chinese women and its association with preterm birth.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Vaping during pregnancy and maternal, fetal, and infant health outcomes: A scoping review of human and animal studies.PloS one · 2026Article
- Investigating the relationship between environmental air pollution exposure and abnormal gestational weight gain in twin pregnancies: a retrospective study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Association of pre-pregnancy body-mass-index and gestational weight gain with preterm singleton birth in women with cervical cerclage: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Determinants of low birth weight in newborns at a referral hospital in the western Nepal: an unmatched case-control study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Is there a relationship between sleep quality, dietary intake and weight gain in Turkish pregnant women?BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Optimal Gestational Weight Gain and Fetal Growth in Urban Environments: The Role of Residential Greenness.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Association between gestational age-specific weight gain in pregnancy and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the INTERBIO-21st Fetal Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Attitudes, Beliefs, and Predictors of Gestational Weight Gain and Postpartum Weight Retention in South Africa: A Mixed Methods Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- The association between self-reported total gestational weight gain by pre-pregnancy body mass index and moderate to late preterm birth.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Effects of gestational weight gain on emotional and behavioral problems in children: Results from the CLaB study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Gestational weight gain and body mass index in Asian Indian women: Impact of timing and amount on fetomaternal outcomes.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Association between infant birth weight and gestational weight gain in Japanese women with diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGestational weight gain (GWG) reflects maternal nutrition during pregnancy. However, the associations between maternal GWG and adverse birth outcomes are inconclusive.
objectiveWe aimed to examine the associations between maternal GWG and adverse birth outcomes according to maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories in a large, multiethnic and diverse population in the U.S. STUDY
designWe used nationwide birth certificate data from the National Vital Statistics System to examine the association of GWG (below, within and above the Institute of Medicine [IOM] guidelines) with six adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birthweight, macrosomia, small for gestational age [SGA], large for gestational age [LGA], and low Apgar score) according to the pre-pregnancy BMI categories (underweight to obesity grade 3). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsA total of 9,191,842 women aged 18-49 years at delivery with live singleton births were included. Among them, 24.5% of women had GWG below IOM guidelines, 27.6% within the guidelines, and 47.9% above the guidelines. Compared with maternal GWG within guidelines, GWG below guidelines was associated with higher odds of preterm birth (OR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.51-1.53), low birthweight (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.45-1.47) and SGA (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.43-1.45). In contrast, maternal GWG above guidelines was associated with higher odds of macrosomia (OR = 2.12, 95%CI = 2.11-2.14) and LGA (OR = 2.12, 95%CI = 2.11-2.14). In addition, maternal GWG below or above guidelines had slightly higher odds of low Apgar score (below guidelines: OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.03-1.06, above guidelines: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.15-1.18). The results were largely similar among women with GWG below or above guidelines across pre-pregnancy BMI categories of underweight, overweight, and obesity grade 1 to grade 3.
conclusionPregnant women with GWG below or above the IOM guidelines have increased odds of selected adverse infant birth outcomes. Monitoring maternal GWG could enable physicians to provide tailored nutrition and exercise advice as well as prenatal care to pregnant women to reduce the likelihood of adverse birth outcomes.
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