"No [Right] Way to be a Black Woman": Exploring Gendered Racial Socialization Among Black Women.

Using the theoretical lenses of intersectionality and racial-ethnic socialization, we conducted a focus group study with 29 Black women. We analyzed transcripts for the sources of messages about skin color and hair and for participants' responses to these messages via a grounded theory approach. Family members were the primary source of messages about skin color and hair. Peers and the media also communicated such messages. Messages ranged from endorsement of Western standards of beauty to an embrace of darker skin colors and natural hair texture. Rather than serving as passive recipients of messages, participants sifted through and reconciled messages with varying degrees of resolution. Their accounts reflected their intersectional experiences as Black women, representing a variety of physical attributes. We discuss the influence of these physical attributes on their individual racial-gender identity development in light of a second burgeoning Black hair movement that embraces Black natural hair in the U.S. Findings may help families and others build understanding of and increase sensitivity towards the intra- and interpersonal implications of colorism for Black women. Findings may also inform institutional policies (e.g., school, work) and practices such that they no longer create barriers or yield consequences for the Black women navigating these settings.