ArticleNature structural & molecular biology2022
The SARS-CoV-2 spike reversibly samples an open-trimer conformation exposing novel epitopes.
Article in Nature structural & molecular biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers.
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Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural basis of diverse antibody recognition of conserved coronavirus spike S2 epitopes that contribute to protective immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Germinal Center Selection and Plasma Cell Differentiation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- A machine learning method for calculating highly localized protein stabilities.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Switching Spike Plasticity Shapes ACE2 Engagement Across SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Structural and functional characterization of a conserved cryptic epitope on SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 subunit.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Localized Rigidification and Allosteric Modulation Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Neutralization by Class 3 and Class 4 Antibodies at Atomic Resolution: An Integrated Computational Study of Binding, Dynamics, and Allostery.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Variant-specific spike conformational dynamics shape memory B cell selection during recall.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Design principles of a membrane-spanning ubiquitin ligase.Molecular cell · 2026Article
- Morphology Assessment Enabled by Room-Temperature Soft-Landing in Native MS.International journal of mass spectrometry · 2026Article
- Fold-Switching Proteins.Annual review of biophysics · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Binding and Immune Escape Resistance for Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting Distinct Conserved SARS-CoV-2 Spike Epitopes: A Hierarchical Approach Integrating Mutational Profiling and Energy Landscape Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike reshapes antigenic hierarchy and antibody targeting against conserved and occluded epitopes.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Frustration Landscapes of Broadly Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibodies Targeting Conserved Epitopes Reveal Energetic Logic of Escape-Proof and Escape-Prone Mechanisms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spike on a membrane reveals the allosteric effects of furin cleavage and the D614G mutation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Structural dynamics and immunogenicity of the recombinant and outer membrane vesicle-embedded Meningococcal antigen NadA.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The buried S2 apex of SARS-CoV-2 spike elicits an immunodominant germline-restricted public antibody response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Molecular docking and dynamic simulation of marine natural products from soft coral-derived microbes against SARS-CoV-2 main protease and spike protein.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A stabilized MERS-CoV spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits robust and protective neutralizing antibody responses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mutation and ACE2-induced allosteric network rewiring in Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Common cold embecovirus imprinting primes broadly neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 S2.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Current COVID-19 vaccines and many clinical diagnostics are based on the structure and function of the SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange monitored by mass spectrometry, we have uncovered that, in addition to the prefusion structure determined by cryo-electron microscopy, this protein adopts an alternative conformation that interconverts slowly with the canonical prefusion structure. This new conformation-an open trimer-contains easily accessible receptor-binding domains. It exposes the conserved trimer interface buried in the prefusion conformation, thus exposing potential epitopes for pan-coronavirus antibody and ligand recognition. The population of this state and kinetics of interconversion are modulated by temperature, receptor binding, antibody binding, and sequence variants observed in the natural population. Knowledge of the structure and populations of this conformation will help improve existing diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.