ArticleScientific reports2022
Salivary S100 calcium-binding protein beta (S100B) and neurofilament light (NfL) after acute exposure to repeated head impacts in collegiate water polo players.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-concussive head impacts sustained during American football correlate with changes in gut microbiome diversity and composition.PloS one · 2026Article
- Performance of current tools used for on-the-day assessment and diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury in sport: a systematic review.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of traumatic brain injury: narrative review and future prospects in neurointensive care.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Calcium and Non-Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury: A Proposal for the Implementation of an Early Therapeutic Treatment for Initial Head Insults.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Association Between Serum Neurofilament Light and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Levels and Head Impact Burden in Women's Collegiate Water Polo.Journal of neurotrauma · 2023Observational
- Review on the Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Concussion Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Translational and Clinical Significance of DAMPs, PAMPs, and PRRs in Trauma-induced Inflammation.Archives of clinical and biomedical research · 2022Article
- Salivary inflammatory biomarkers are predictive of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in a feasibility study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Blood-based biomarkers of brain injury may be useful for monitoring brain health in athletes at risk for concussions. Two putative biomarkers of sport-related concussion, neurofilament light (NfL), an axonal structural protein, and S100 calcium-binding protein beta (S100B), an astrocyte-derived protein, were measured in saliva, a biofluid which can be sampled in an athletic setting without the risks and burdens associated with blood sampled by venipuncture. Samples were collected from men's and women's collegiate water polo players (n = 65) before and after a competitive tournament. Head impacts were measured using sensors previously evaluated for use in water polo, and video recordings were independently reviewed for the purpose of validating impacts recorded by the sensors. Athletes sustained a total of 107 head impacts, all of which were asymptomatic (i.e., no athlete was diagnosed with a concussion or more serious). Post-tournament salivary NfL was directly associated with head impact frequency (RR = 1.151, p = 0.025) and cumulative head impact magnitude (RR = 1.008, p = 0.014), while controlling for baseline salivary NfL. Change in S100B was not associated with head impact exposure (RR < 1.001, p > 0.483). These patterns suggest that repeated head impacts may cause axonal injury, even in asymptomatic athletes.
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