ArticleInternational breastfeeding journal2022
Exposure to marketing of breastmilk substitutes in Mexican women: Sources and scope.
Article in International breastfeeding journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Outcomes of implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes as national laws: a systematic review.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Pooled it
- Implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in Mexico: a systematic literature review using the RE-AIM framework.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Digital Marketing Tactics, Non-Compliance With the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes and Legal Breaches of Code-Based Legislation by the Commercial Milk Formula Industry in Central America and the Caribbean.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- The Corporate Political Activity of the infant commercial milk formula industry in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Household water security and infant feeding practices in Mexico: insights from the ENSANUT 2021 survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cross-Sectional Associations Between Exposure to Commercial Milk Formula Marketing, Beliefs About Its Use, and Socioeconomic Position Among Pregnant Women and Mothers in the UK.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Commercial milk formula marketing entry points: setting the course of infant and young child feeding trajectories.BMC public health · 2024Article
- [Digital marketing of commercial infant formula in Argentina: a digital ethnographic study].Salud colectiva · 2024Article
- Commercial milk formula marketing following increased restrictions in Singapore: A qualitative study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant's life and associated factors in a low-middle income country.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- The infant feeding methods promoted by South African Instagram influencers in relation to crying and sleeping, 2018-2020: a retrospective digital ethnography.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Digital marketing of commercial breastmilk substitutes and baby foods: strategies, and recommendations for its regulation in Mexico.Globalization and health · 2023Article
- Healthcare professionals and commercial milk formula recommendations in the urban Mexican context.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Digital marketing of formula and baby food negatively influences breast feeding and complementary feeding: a cross-sectional study and video recording of parental exposure in Mexico.BMJ global health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAggressive and unregulated marketing of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) results in increased child morbidity and mortality. Unregulated BMS marketing is a major public health concern because it encourages formula consumption at the expense of breastfeeding. This study aimed to identify the sources and characterize the nature of exposure to marketing of BMS among Mexican mothers of children under 18 months of age. As a secondary objective we explored potential association between exposure to BMS marketing and infant feeding practices.
methodsCross-sectional study, comprising a pre-piloted survey, was conducted between February 2020 to February 2021 with Mexican mothers of children under 18 months of age (n = 754), in two major cities in Mexico. Mothers were selected according to their current infant feeding practices (Breastfeeding only vs. Mixed feeding). We characterized the different BMS marketing sources and scope, and related them with infant feeding practices. In addition, we used logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio for infant feeding practices by BMS marketing exposure or recommendation.
resultsMothers reported different sources of exposure to BMS promotion, including BMS advertisements in diverse media channels (41.6%), recommendation by a healthcare professional and/or relative (76.2%), and receiving a BMS sample at a hospital (18.6%). By contrast, only 36.5% recalled hearing or seeing breastfeeding information the previous year. The odds of mixed feeding were substantially higher, compared to breastfeeding, when mothers were recommended to use a BMS by doctors/pediatricians (OR: 3.96, 95% CI: 2.00, 7.83). Having seen or heard breastfeeding information in the previous year was associated with a lower risk of mixed feeding compared to breastfeeding only (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.99).
conclusionsMexican mothers of young children in the metropolitan areas studied were highly exposed to BMS marketing and through different mass media channels and inter-personal sources. Health care professionals, particularly doctors/pediatricians, are a source of BMS promotion that are likely to have a strong influence on maternal decisions about infant feeding practices. There is an urgent need to protect mothers and their families against unregulated BMS promotion through mass media channels and directly by influential individuals, including health care providers.
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