ArticleScience advances2022
Adolescence is a sensitive period for prefrontal microglia to act on cognitive development.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards a neurobiology of early intervention: the importance of critical periods for preventive psychiatry and youth mental health.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming of microglia: Effects on development, disease, and therapeutic potential.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Mismatch negativity matures in adolescence and without sensitivity to microglial depletion.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Microglia prune developing cortical blood vessels through PD-1 signaling.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Semi-supervised Omics Factor Analysis (SOFA) disentangles known and latent sources of variation in multi-omic data.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Unsupervised deep learning enables blur-free resolution enhancement in two-photon microscopy.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Region- and Layer-Specific Glutamatergic Synapse Development in the Nascent Cortical Hierarchy.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Maternal immune activation in mice recapitulates features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in susceptible offspring.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- A neuroimmune framework for understanding adolescent stress and risk of alcohol misuse.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Microglia-dependent regulation of fear memory extinction.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Adolescent prefrontal and amygdala molecular signatures of perinatal morphine versus buprenorphine exposure in mice.Neurotoxicology · 2026Article
- Psychiatric Risk Implications From Behavioral and Neural Effects of Adolescent Exposure to Environmental Insecticides: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Astroglial disinhibition of cortical circuits disrupts cognition via kynurenic acid in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Developmental trajectories of vocabulary and logical thinking skills across adolescence: a person-centered longitudinal study in China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Lung memory B cells ameliorate Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in 5×FAD mice through the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- SA supplementation during lactation promotes learning and memory by reducing H3K27me3 levels.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- The association between adolescents' recreational screen exposure and academic performance and its mediating mechanisms.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Structural stressors, neurocognition in reward-related decision making and substance use risk in Puerto Rican early adolescents at two sites: study design.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
- Targeting the Medial Prefrontal Cortex with Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Alleviates Adolescent Sleep-Deprivation-Induced Persistent Postsurgical Pain in Adulthood.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Prefrontal cortex development and its implications in mental illness.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a cortical brain region that regulates various cognitive functions. One distinctive feature of the PFC is its protracted adolescent maturation, which is necessary for acquiring mature cognitive abilities in adulthood. Here, we show that microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, contribute to this maturational process. We find that transient and cell-specific deficiency of prefrontal microglia in adolescence is sufficient to induce an adult emergence of PFC-associated impairments in cognitive functions, dendritic complexity, and synaptic structures. While prefrontal microglia deficiency in adolescence also altered the excitatory-inhibitory balance in adult prefrontal circuits, there were no cognitive sequelae when prefrontal microglia were depleted in adulthood. Thus, our findings identify adolescence as a sensitive period for prefrontal microglia to act on cognitive development.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.