ReviewEuropean journal of nutrition2022
Wheat amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs): occurrence, function and health aspects.
Review in European journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of dietary interventions and enteral nutrition in adults with ulcerative colitis: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Observational
- The Genetic Factors Controlling the Accumulation of Amylase/Trypsin Inhibitors (ATIs) in Barley for Enhancing Human Nutrition and Health.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Linking Nutrients to Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Biological Evidence and Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Investigating Non-celiac Wheat Sensitivity: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology Underlying Clinical Implications.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Multi-Transcripts and Expressions ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analysis of Protein Inhibitors of Trypsin in Quinoa, Amaranth and Lupine Seeds. Selection and Deep Structure-Function Characterization of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Enzyme Inhibitors as Multifaceted Tools in Medicine and Agriculture.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Allergenic Biomarkers in the Molecular Diagnosis of IgE-Mediated Wheat Allergy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Detection of Sensitization Profiles with Cellular In Vitro Tests in Wheat Allergy Dependent on Augmentation Factors (WALDA).International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Myths and Facts about Food Intolerance: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Functional and Bioactive Properties of Wheat Protein Fractions: Impact of Digestive Enzymes on Antioxidant, α-Amylase, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Potential.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Farmer vs. Industrial Practices: Impact of Variety, Cropping System and Process on the Quality of Durum Wheat Grains and Final Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Role of Nutrition in Gastroesophageal Reflux, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Celiac Disease, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Gastro hep advances · 2023Review
- Transient drought during flowering modifies the grain proteome of bread winter wheat.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Diet associations in endometriosis: a critical narrative assessment with special reference to gluten.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Toll-like Receptors and Celiac Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Do gluten peptides stimulate weight gain in humans?Nutrition bulletin · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 12 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are widely consumed in cereal-based foods and have been implicated in adverse reactions to wheat exposure, such as respiratory and food allergy, and intestinal responses associated with coeliac disease and non-coeliac wheat sensitivity. ATIs occur in multiple isoforms which differ in the amounts present in different types of wheat (including ancient and modern ones). Measuring ATIs and their isoforms is an analytical challenge as is their isolation for use in studies addressing their potential effects on the human body. ATI isoforms differ in their spectrum of bioactive effects in the human gastrointestinal (GI), which may include enzyme inhibition, inflammation and immune responses and of which much is not known. Similarly, although modifications during food processing (exposure to heat, moisture, salt, acid, fermentation) may affect their structure and activity as shown in vitro, it is important to relate these changes to effects that may present in the GI tract. Finally, much of our knowledge of their potential biological effects is based on studies in vitro and in animal models. Validation by human studies using processed foods as commonly consumed is warranted. We conclude that more detailed understanding of these factors may allow the effects of ATIs on human health to be better understood and when possible, to be ameliorated, for example by innovative food processing. We therefore review in short our current knowledge of these proteins, focusing on features which relate to their biological activity and identifying gaps in our knowledge and research priorities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.