ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2022
Prediction of vascular invasion using a 7-point scale computed tomography grading system in adrenal tumors in dogs.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis, Perioperative Management, and Surgical Treatment of Suspected Functional Pheochromocytoma in Two Dogs: Surgical Complexity in the Absence of Planned Venotomy.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- The application of artificial intelligence in veterinary oncology: a scoping review.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Preemptively planned en bloc resection of an extensive right adrenal pheochromocytoma involving the right hepatic division, caval thrombus and segmental caudal vena cava in a dog with Budd-Chiari-like syndrome.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
- Feasibility study of computed tomography texture analysis for evaluation of canine primary adrenal gland tumors.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Anatomical variations of the canine adrenal vessels.Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 2022Article
- Imaging features of retroperitoneal extra-adrenal paragangliomas in 10 dogs.Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association · 2022Article
- Prediction of vascular invasion using a 7-point scale computed tomography grading system in adrenal tumors in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
- Cytologic Evaluation as a Diagnostic Tool to Differentiate Adrenocortical Tumors and Pheochromocytomas.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies evaluating the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in detecting caudal vena cava (CVC) invasion by adrenal tumors (AT) used a binary system and did not evaluate for other vessels.
objectiveTest a 7-point scale CT grading system for accuracy in predicting vascular invasion and for repeatability among radiologists. Build a decision tree based on CT criteria to predict tumor type.
methodsRetrospective observational cross-sectional case study. Abdominal CT studies were analyzed by 3 radiologists using a 7-point CT grading scale for vascular invasion and by 1 radiologist for CT features of AT. ANIMALS: Dogs with AT that underwent adrenalectomy and had pre- and postcontrast CT.
resultsNinety-one dogs; 45 adrenocortical carcinomas (50%), 36 pheochromocytomas (40%), 9 adrenocortical adenomas (10%) and 1 unknown tumor. Carcinoma and pheochromocytoma differed in pre- and postcontrast attenuation, contralateral adrenal size, tumor thrombus short- and long-axis, and tumor and thrombus mineralization. A decision tree was built based on these differences. Adenoma and malignant tumors differed in contour irregularity. Probability of vascular invasion was dependent on CT grading scale, and a large equivocal zone existed between 3 and 6 scores, lowering CT accuracy to detect vascular invasion. Radiologists' agreement for detecting abnormalities (evaluated by chance-corrected weighted kappa statistics) was excellent for CVC and good to moderate for other vessels. The quality of postcontrast CT study had a negative impact on radiologists' performance and agreement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Features of CT may help radiologists predict AT type and provide probabilistic information on vascular invasion.
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