Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35233517›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2022

Emergence of the delta variant and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in secondary school students and staff: Prospective surveillance in 18 schools, England.

Shamez N Ladhani, Georgina Ireland, Frances Baawuah, Joanne Beckmann, Ifeanyichukwu O Okike, Shazaad Ahmad, Joanna Garstang, Andrew J Brent, Bernadette Brent, Felicity Aiano and 12 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

Shamez N LadhaniImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Georgina IrelandImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Frances BaawuahImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Joanne BeckmannEast London NHS Foundation Trust, 9 Alie Street, London E1 8DE, UK.
Ifeanyichukwu O OkikeImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Shazaad AhmadManchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
Joanna GarstangBirmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Holt Street, Aston B7 4BN, UK.
Andrew J BrentNuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK.
Bernadette BrentUniversity of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK.
Felicity AianoImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Zahin Amin-ChowdhuryImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Meaghan KallImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Ray BorrowUK Health Security Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK.
Ezra LinleyUK Health Security Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK.
Maria ZambonImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
John PohImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Lenesha WarrenerImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Angie LackenbyImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Joanna EllisImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Gayatri AmirthalingamImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Kevin E BrownImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Mary E RamsayImmunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
UK Health Security Agency · GBManchester Royal Infirmary · GBUniversity of Oxford · GBBirmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust · GBEast London NHS Foundation Trust · GBManchester University NHS Foundation Trust · GBSt George's, University of London · GBUniversity Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe role of educational settings in SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission remains controversial. We investigated SARS-CoV-2 infection, seroprevalence, and seroconversion rates in secondary schools during the 2020/21 academic year, which included the emergence of the more transmissible alpha and delta variants, in England.

methodsThe UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) initiated prospective surveillance in 18 urban English secondary schools. Participants had nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and blood sampling for SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and spike protein antibodies at the start (Round 1: September-October 2020) and end (Round 2: December 2020) of the autumn term, when schools reopened after national lockdown was imposed in January 2021 (Round 3: March-April 2021), and end of the academic year (Round 4: May-July 2021).

findingsWe enrolled 2314 participants (1277 students, 1037 staff; one participant had missing data for PCR testing). In-school testing identified 31 PCR-positive participants (20 students, 11 staff). Another 247 confirmed cases (112 students, 135 staff) were identified after linkage with national surveillance data, giving an overall positivity rate of 12.0% (278/2313; staff: 14.1%, 146/1037

interpretationSARS-CoV-2 infection rates in secondary schools remained low when community infection rates were low, even as the delta variant was emerging in England.

fundingThis study was funded by the UK Department of Health and Social Care.

Indexed as

Antibody testingCOVID-19Education settingPCRSARS-CoV-2Teenagers

Identifiers

PMID35233517
PMCPMC8882000
OpenAlexW4220998201

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.