ArticleEpilepsy currents
Neuromodulation for Refractory Epilepsy.
Article in Epilepsy currents. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the efficacy of trigeminal nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Relative entropy as a biomarker for vagus nerve stimulation response in epilepsy: Insights from intracerebral electroencephalography.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- A guide to neuromodulation in drug-resistant epilepsy.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Review
- Epileptogenesis and Epilepsy Treatment: Advances in Mechanistic Understanding, Therapeutic Approaches, and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting the insular cortex for neuropathic pain modulation: Insights into synaptic and neuronal mechanisms.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- A wearable deep brain stimulation system for behavioral studies in rodents.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective Efficacy and Complementary Treatment with Medicinal Herbs: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Therapeutic Approaches in Epilepsy Management.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Multimodal evaluation of network activity and optogenetic interventions in human hippocampal slices.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Neuromodulation in the intensive care unit.Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy in Epilepsy: An Overview of Technical and Surgical Method, Patient Selection, and Treatment Outcomes.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Wireless closed-loop deep brain stimulation using microelectrode array probes.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2024Review
- Neuromodulation Techniques in Children with Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Characteristics of ictal thalamic EEG in pediatric-onset neocortical focal epilepsy.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Characteristics of ictal thalamic EEG in pediatric-onset neocortical focal epilepsy.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Subthalamic nucleus stimulation attenuates motor seizures via modulating the nigral orexin pathway.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- A Review of the Multi-Systemic Complications of a Ketogenic Diet in Children and Infants with Epilepsy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Neurostimulation as a Method of Treatment and a Preventive Measure in Canine Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Current State and Future Prospects.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Centromedian thalamic neuromodulation for the treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsy.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Review
- Localizing targets for neuromodulation in drug-resistant epilepsy using intracranial EEG and computational model.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Three neuromodulation therapies, all using implanted device and electrodes, have been approved to treat adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, namely, the vagus nerve stimulation in 1995, deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) in 2018 (2010 in Europe), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) in 2014. Indications for VNS have more recently extended to children down to age of 4. Limited or anecdotal data are available in other epilepsy syndromes and refractory/super-refractory status epilepticus. Overall, neuromodulation therapies are palliative, with only a minority of patients achieving long-term seizure freedom, justifying favoring such treatments in patients who are not good candidates for curative epilepsy surgery. About half of patients implanted with VNS, ANT-DBS, and RNS have 50% or greater reduction in seizures, with long-term data suggesting increased efficacy over time. Besides their impact on seizure frequency, neuromodulation therapies are associated with various benefits and drawbacks in comparison to antiseizure drugs. Yet, we lack high-level evidence to best position each neuromodulation therapy in the treatment pathways of persons with difficult-to-treat epilepsy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.