ArticleSchizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)2022
Non-pharmacological interventions for schizophrenia-analysis of treatment guidelines and implementation in 12 Southeast European countries.
Article in Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of selected second and third generation antipsychotics on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Systematic review and network meta-analysis.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of positive psychology theory in the rehabilitation nursing of Chinese patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Tracking Symptom Change Across Therapy Sessions in Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Paranoid Ideation: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Trial
- Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE).European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022Trial
- Clinical Utility of Cariprazine in the Management of Acute Schizophrenia: Current Evidence and Practical Recommendations.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Review
- Co-occurring eating disorder and psychosis: a lived experience case exploration with examples and suggestions for personalized integrated treatment approach.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Developing the EPA guidance of pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia - results of a Delphi process.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Article
- International rates of receipt of psychological therapy for psychosis and schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of mental health systems · 2023Review
- Cross-Regional Data Initiative for the Assessment and Development of Treatment for Neurological and Mental Disorders.Clinical epidemiology · 2023Article
- Reviewing the Potential Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Modulation of Gastrointestinal Microflora in Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 11 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze treatment guidelines of 12 SEE countries to identify non-pharmacological interventions recommended for schizophrenia, explore the evidence base supporting recommendations, and assess the implementation of recommended interventions. Desk and content analysis were employed to analyze the guidelines. Experts were surveyed across the 12 countries to assess availability of non-pharmacological treatments in leading mental health institutions, staff training, and inclusion in the official service price list. Most SEE countries have published treatment guidelines for schizophrenia focused on pharmacotherapy. Nine countries-Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia-included non-pharmacological interventions. The remaining three countries-Kosovo (UN Resolution), Romania, and Slovenia-have not published such treatment guidelines, however they are on offer in leading institutions. The median number of recommended interventions was seven (range 5-11). Family therapy and psychoeducation were recommended in most treatment guidelines. The majority of recommended interventions have a negative or mixed randomized controlled trial evidence base. A small proportion of leading mental health institutions includes these interventions in their official service price list. The interventions recommended in the treatment guidelines seem to be rarely implemented within mental health services in the SEE countries.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.