Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35231844›Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors2022

Predictive validity of the original and expanded susceptibility scales for smokeless tobacco.

Megan Wall Vigorita, Alexandria Smith, Matthew Farrelly, Nathaniel Taylor, James G Spinks

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Addictive behaviors, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 44% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Effects of a Reduced Risk Claim on Adolescents' Smokeless Tobacco Perceptions and Willingness to Use.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023
    Trial
  3. Article
  4. Measuring susceptibility to use tobacco in an increasingly complex consumer marketplace: How many questions do we really need?Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025
    Article
  5. The Impact of Social Media Use and Gaming on Initiation of Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Rural Male Youth.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Megan Wall VigoritaCenter for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Electronic address: Megan.Wall@fda.hhs.gov.
Alexandria SmithCenter for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Electronic address: Alexandria.Smith@fda.hhs.gov.
Matthew FarrellyCenter for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: mcf@rti.org.
Nathaniel TaylorCenter for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: ntaylor@rti.org.
James G SpinksCenter for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: jspinks@rti.org.
RTI International · USUnited States Food and Drug Administration · US

Funding

Intramural FDA HHS FD999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study seeks to validate the original and expanded susceptibility scales for smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among a longitudinal sample of rural male youth. We also compare the predictive validity of both scales for SLT.

methodsData are from a five-wave longitudinal sample of rural males in the Unites States aged 11-16 at baseline. Data were collected from January 2016 to December 2018. We used a series of logistic regressions to identify whether individual demographic variables, the original (use SLT soon, in next year, if friend offers), or the expanded (original plus curiosity) susceptibility scales predicted experimentation with SLT by 2018. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of both scales were also calculated to determine reliability. All analyses were limited to 2016 never SLT users.

resultsBoth susceptibility scales were significant predictors of SLT initiation by follow-up. Susceptible youth had three times the odds of SLT initiation by follow-up compared to youth who were non-susceptible. Both scales have high specificity, identifying a large proportion of never users as non-susceptible. Sensitivity for the original scale was 37.0% and increased to 44.2% for the expanded scale. The PPV was approximately 20% for both the original and expanded scales.

conclusionsThe SLT susceptibility scales are valid for predicting future SLT initiation; however, there remains room for improvement as the sensitivity of both scales is relatively low compared to the smoking scale. Future research should examine additional methods to identify youth at risk of SLT initiation.

Indexed as

Tobacco, SmokelessAdolescentChildHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsSmokingSurveys and QuestionnairesTobacco UseAdolescenceCuriosityInitiationRural healthSmokeless tobaccoSusceptibility

Identifiers

PMID35231844
PMCPMC13014888
OpenAlexW4212998226

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.