ArticleMolecular and cellular endocrinology2022
Insulin facilitates corneal wound healing in the diabetic environment through the RTK-PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in vitro.
Article in Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- In Vitro Characterization of Insulin-Loaded Soft Contact Lenses and Their Effect on Corneal Epithelial Cell Viability and Permeability.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Myrrh Oil-Based Nanoemulsion Loaded with Curcumin and Insulin: Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of Enhanced Antibacterial and Diabetic Wound-Healing Activity.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Open Porous Microenvironment-regulatory Microspheres Loaded with Curcumin@BSA NPs/BMSCs for Diabetic Wound Treatment.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Wogonoside alleviates hyperosmotic stress-induced inflammation and apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cells via PI3K/AKT signaling.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Challenge of Corneal Ulcer Healing: A Novel Conceptual Framework, the "Triad" of Corneal Ulcer Healing/Corneal Neovascularization/Intraocular Pressure, and Avascular Tendon Healing, for Evaluation of Corneal Ulcer Therapy, Therapy of Neovascularization, Glaucoma Therapy, and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Efficacy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- FGFR2 identified as a NETs-associated biomarker and therapeutic target in diabetic foot ulcers.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Metformin therapy modifies corneal neuroimmune abnormalities in people with type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Role of Topical Insulin in Severe Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease With Acute Bilateral Perforation.Cureus · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in metabolic aberrations of diabetic wounds: a narrative review.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Novel full-thickness biomimetic corneal model for studying pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic keratopathy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Topical Insulin Eye Drops for Corneal Epithelial Defects: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Assessment.Beyoglu eye journal · 2025Review
- Wound healing and signaling pathways.Open life sciences · 2025Review
- Neutrophil diversity and function in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Exploring the ceRNA network involving AGAP2-AS1 as a novel biomarker for preeclampsia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Role of Immune Cells and Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Eye Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- M2 macrophage-polarized anti-inflammatory microneedle patch for accelerating biofilm-infected diabetic wound healing via modulating the insulin pathway.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Insulin eye drops improve corneal wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic mice by regulating corneal inflammation and neuropeptide release.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Review
- Diabetic Keratopathy: Redox Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Prospects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Diabetic patients can develop degenerative corneal changes, termed diabetic keratopathy, during the course of their disease. Topical insulin has been shown to reduce corneal wound area and restore sensitivity in diabetic rats, and both the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) stimulate cell signaling of the PI3K-Akt pathway. The purpose of this study was to assess a mechanism by which improved wound healing occurs by characterizing expression within the PI3K-Akt pathway in corneal epithelial and stromal cells. In vitro scratch tests were used to evaluate wound healing outcomes under variable glucose conditions in the presence or absence of insulin. Protein expression of intracellular kinases in the PI3K pathway, stromal cell markers, and GLUT-1 was evaluated by immunoblotting.TGF-β1 expression was evaluated by ELISA. Insulin promoted in vitro wound healing in all cell types. In human corneal epithelial cells, insulin did not induce PI3K-Akt signaling; however, in all other cell types evaluated, insulin increased expression of PI3K-Akt signaling proteins compared to vehicle control. Fibroblasts variably expressed α-SMA under all treatment conditions, with significant increases in α-SMA and TGF-β1 occurring in a dose-dependent manner with glucose concentration. These results indicate that insulin can promote corneal cellular migration and proliferation by inducing Akt signaling. Exogenous insulin therapy may serve as a novel target of therapeutic intervention for diabetic keratopathy.
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