ArticleJCI insight2022
In-depth analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells reveals diverse differentiation hierarchies in vaccinated individuals.
Article in JCI insight, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Broad cross-T cell immunity between emerging SARS-CoV-2 serotypes waved by spike-signature mutations.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- IL-10- and IL-13-Biased T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Diabetes.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- T cell epitope mapping reveals immunodominance of evolutionarily conserved regions within SARS-CoV-2 proteome.iScience · 2025Article
- Pregnancy reduces COVID-19 vaccine immunity against novel variants.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- No evidence of immune exhaustion after repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in vulnerable and healthy populations.Nature communications · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 T-cell responses are predictive of serological neutralization and are transiently enhanced by pre-existing cross-reactive immunity.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 T-cell responses are predictive of serological neutralization and are transiently enhanced by pre-existing cross-reactive immunity.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Extensive T-Cell Profiling Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhanced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in returning Chinese individuals.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Mass cytometry reveals cellular correlates of immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the elderly.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Kinetics and Durability of Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Children.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Lymphocytes Analysis in mRNA-Vaccinated Patients with B-Cell Lymphoid Malignancies on Active Treatment.Vaccines · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and humoral immunity after bivalent BA.4/5 COVID-19-vaccination in previously infected and non-infected individuals.Nature communications · 2024Observational
- Antigen-specific T helper cells and cytokine profiles predict intensity and longevity of cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Polyfunctional CD4 T-cells correlating with neutralising antibody is a hallmark of COVISHIELDNPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Characterization of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 T cell subtypes in patients with different hematologic malignancies and treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibody Response and T Cell-Immunity in Immunocompromised Patients up to Six Months Post COVID: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- High-resolution analysis of individual spike peptide-specific CD4Clinical & translational immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines pose as the most effective approach for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. High-degree efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in clinical trials indicates that vaccination invariably induces an adaptive immune response. However, the emergence of breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals suggests that the breadth and magnitude of vaccine-induced adaptive immune response may vary. We assessed vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 T cell response in 21 vaccinated individuals and found that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, which were mainly CD4+ T cells, were invariably detected in all individuals but the response was varied. We then investigated differentiation states and cytokine profiles to identify immune features associated with superior recall function and longevity. We identified SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells were polyfunctional and produced high levels of IL-2, which could be associated with superior longevity. Based on the breadth and magnitude of vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 response, we identified 2 distinct response groups: individuals with high abundance versus low abundance of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. The fractions of TNF-α- and IL-2-producing SARS-CoV-2 T cells were the main determinants distinguishing high versus low responders. Last, we identified that the majority of vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 T cells were reactive against non-mutated regions of mutant S-protein, suggesting that vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 T cells could provide continued protection against emerging variants of concern.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.