Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35230623›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2022

Persistence of Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease With and Without Diabetes: Results from the REGARDS Study.

Doyle M Cummings, Lesley D Lutes, J Lane Wilson, Marissa Carraway, Monika M Safford, Andrea Cherrington, D Leann Long, April P Carson, Ya Yuan, Virginia J Howard and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Doyle M CummingsDepartment of Family Medicine, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA. cummingsd@ecu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-8237-7885
Lesley D LutesDepartment of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.
J Lane WilsonDepartment of Family Medicine, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA.
Marissa CarrawayDepartment of Family Medicine, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA.
Monika M SaffordDepartment of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA.
Andrea CherringtonDepartment of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
D Leann LongSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
April P CarsonSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
Ya YuanSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
Virginia J HowardSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
George HowardSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
University of Alabama at Birmingham · USEast Carolina University · USCornell University · USUniversity of British Columbia · CA

Funding

VCID and Stroke in a Bi-racial National CohortU01NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2002 to 2022
$96.0M
Understanding Cohort Effects on Stroke, VCID, and Cognition After Major Epidemiologic TransitionsRF1NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2024 to 2024
$16.2M
Understanding Cohort Effects on Stroke, VCID, and Cognition After Major Epidemiologic TransitionsR01NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI MARY CUSHMAN, VIRGINIA J. HOWARD · 2001 to 2026
$8.8M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS041588NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS041588NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS041588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBaseline depressive symptoms are associated with subsequent adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in subjects with and without diabetes but the impact of persistent symptoms vs. improvement remains controversial.

objectiveExamine long-term changes in depressive symptoms in individuals with and without diabetes and the associated risk for adverse CV events.

designREGARDS is a prospective cohort study of CV risk factors in 30,000 participants aged 45 years and older.

participantsN = 16,368 (16.5% with diabetes mellitus) who remained in the cohort an average of 11.1 years later and who had complete data. MAIN MEASURES: Depressive symptoms were measured using the 4-item Centers for Epidemiologic Study of Depression (CES-D) questionnaire at baseline and again at a mean follow-up of 5.07 (SD = 1.66) years. Adjudicated incident stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), CV mortality, and a composite outcome were assessed in a subsequent follow-up period of 6.1 (SD = 2.6) years.

methodsThe association of changes in depressive symptoms (CES-D scores) across 5 years with incident CV events was assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. KEY

resultsCompared to participants with no depressive symptoms at either time point, participants without diabetes but with persistently elevated depressive symptoms at both baseline and follow-up demonstrated a significantly increased risk of incident stroke (HR (95% CI) = 1.84 (1.03, 3.30)), a pattern which was substantially more prevalent in blacks (HR (95% CI) = 2.64 (1.48, 4.72)) compared to whites (HR (95% CI) = 1.06 (0.50, 2.25)) and in those not taking anti-depressants (HR (95% CI) = 2.01 (1.21, 3.35)) in fully adjusted models.

conclusionsThe persistence of depressive symptoms across 5 years of follow-up in participants without diabetes identifies individuals at increased risk for incident stroke. This was particularly evident in black participants and among those not taking anti-depressants.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes MellitusStrokeDepressionHumansIncidenceProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk Factorsdepressive symptomsdiabetesstroke

Identifiers

PMID35230623
PMCPMC9708970
OpenAlexW4214580503

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.