ArticlePsychopharmacology2022
Characterization of operant social interaction in rats: effects of access duration, effort, peer familiarity, housing conditions, and choice between social interaction vs. food or remifentanil.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of nucleus accumbens dopamine dynamics during positive and negative operant reinforcement in rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Characterization of Neuronal Ensembles in a Model of Dual-Reward Conditioned Place Preference.eNeuro · 2026Article
- Sex differences in compulsive alcohol drinking phenotypes: implications for decision-making and social behavior in a preclinical model.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Dose-extending placebo effect in a rat model of buprenorphine maintenance treatment.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Anterior Insula Activity during Alcohol and Social Reward Self-Administration and Choice in Male and Female Rats.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- To play or not to play? Effects of social isolation length and stimulus rat familiarity on social play engagement in three laboratory rat strains.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- A rat model of volitional mutual social interactions.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Mechanistic and translational insights from preclinical cocaine choice procedures on the economic substitutability of cocaine and nondrug reinforcers.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- A Review of Behavioral Economic Manipulations Affecting Drug versus Nondrug Choice in Rats.Perspectives on behavior science · 2025Review
- Operant social seeking to a novel peer after social isolation is associated with activation of nucleus accumbens shell in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Cortical and subcortical activities during food rewards versus social interaction in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Remission from addiction: erasing the wrong circuits or making new ones?Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- The positive reinforcing effects of cocaine and opposite-sex social contact: roles of biological sex and estrus.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Shaping behaviors through social experience and their proposed sensitivity to stress.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- Minibox: Custom solo or semi-group housing chambers for long term housing of rats with miniscopes.MethodsX · 2024Article
- Effects of pharmacological and environmental manipulations on choice between fentanyl and shock avoidance/escape in male and female rats under mutually exclusive and non-exclusive choice conditions.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- A rat model of operant negative reinforcement in opioid-dependent males and females.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the social motivation of rats: Insights from social operant conditioning, behavioural economics, and video tracking.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Response-contingent cocaine increases the reinforcing effectiveness of social contact.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Examining a punishment-related brain circuit with miniature fluorescence microscopes and deep learning.Addiction neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RATIONALE AND
objectiveSocial factors play a critical role in drug addiction. We recently showed that rats will abstain from methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and remifentanil self-administration when given a choice between the addictive drug and operant social interaction. Here, we further characterized operant social interaction by determining the effects of access duration, effort, peer familiarity, and housing conditions. We also determined choice between social interaction vs. palatable food or remifentanil.
methodsWe first trained single-housed male and female rats to lever-press for social interaction with a sex- and age-matched peer. Next, we determined effects of access duration (3.75 to 240 s), effort (increasing fixed-ratio schedule requirements or progressive ratio schedule), peer familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar), and housing conditions (single vs. paired housing) on social self-administration. We also determined choice between social interaction vs. palatable food pellets or intravenous remifentanil (0, 1, 10 µg/kg/infusion).
resultsIncreasing access duration to a peer decreased social self-administration under fixed ratio but not progressive ratio schedule; the rats showed similar preference for short vs. long access duration. Social self-administration under different fixed ratio requirements was higher in single-housed than in paired-housed rats and higher for a familiar vs. unfamiliar partner in single-housed but not paired-housed rats. Response rates of food-sated rats under increasing fixed-ratio requirements were higher for palatable food than for social interaction. The rats strongly preferred palatable food over social interaction and showed dose-dependent preference for social interaction vs. remifentanil.
conclusionsWe identified parameters influencing the reinforcing effects of operant social interaction and introduce a choice procedure sensitive to remifentanil self-administration dose.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.