ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2022
Heterologous boosting with third dose of coronavirus disease recombinant subunit vaccine increases neutralizing antibodies and T cell immunity against different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of hybrid immunity to mitigate the risk of Omicron variant reinfection.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- The effectiveness of the first dose COVID-19 booster vs. full vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical event: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boosting with orally administered aerosolized bivalent adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine and B.1.1.529 variant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in adults 18 years and older: a randomized, double blinded, parallel controlled trial.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Trial
- Complement Hyperactivation Is Mediated by Alternative and Lectin Pathways During Early Phase of Severe Vaccination-Omicron BA.5 Infection.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Extensive Immunological and Inflammatory Perturbation Underpins the Respiratory Sequelae of Postacute COVID-19.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Ad5-boosted COVID-19 vaccine reduces symptomatic BA.5 infection via cross-neutralizing antibodies and NK cell immunity.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of a recombinant subunit COVID-19 vaccine: A prospective, multi-centre, longitudinal study in Chinese Alzheimer's disease patients.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of wild-type vaccine doses on BA.5 hybrid immunity, disease severity, and XBB reinfection risk.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Diverse BCR usage and T cell activation induced by different COVID-19 sequential vaccinations.mBio · 2024Article
- Initial COVID-19 severity influenced by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells imprints T-cell memory and inversely affects reinfection.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Article
- Neutralization of Omicron XBB.1 by booster vaccination with BA.4/5 monovalent mRNA vaccine.Cell discovery · 2024Article
- Article
- Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprinting.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Development of an RBD-Fc fusion vaccine for COVID-19.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Article
- Mouse study of combined DNA/protein COVID-19 vaccine to boost high levels of antibody and cell mediated immune responses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Artificial COVID-19 T-Cell Immunogen.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2023Article
- Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2023Review
- Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Hesitancy Using the Modified 5C Scale in Zhejiang Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vaccines · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Waned vaccine-induced immunity and emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants with potential for immune escape pose a major threat to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we showed that humoral immunity components, including anti-S + N, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), gradually waned and decreased the neutralizing capacity against emerging Omicron variants at 3 and 6 months after two inactivated COVID-19 vaccinations. We evaluated two boosting strategies with either a third dose of inactivated vaccine (homologous, I-I-I) or a recombinant subunit vaccine (heterologous, I-I-S). Both strategies induced the production of high levels of NAbs with a broad neutralizing capacity and longer retention. Interestingly, I-I-S induced 3.5-fold to 6.8-fold higher NAb titres than I-I-I, with a broader neutralizing capacity against six variants of concern, including Omicron. Further immunological analysis revealed that the two immunization strategies differ considerably, not only in the magnitude of total NAbs produced, but also in the composite pattern of NAbs and the population of virus-specific CD4+ T cells produced. Additionally, in some cases, heterologous boosted immunity induced the production of more effective epitopes than natural infection. The level of I-I-S-induced NAbs decreased to 48% and 18% at 1 and 3 months after booster vaccination, respectively. Overall, our data provide important evidence for vaccination strategies based on available vaccines and may help guide future global vaccination plans.
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