ArticleMolecular oncology2022
Pan-cancer analysis reveals sex-specific signatures in the tumor microenvironment.
Article in Molecular oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between sex and outcomes in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving combination chemoimmunotherapy as a first-line therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.European journal of medical research · 2022Pooled it
- Sex determines the natural killer cell-mediated immunity against pancreatic cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Proteomic Profiling Identifies Pregnancy Zone Protein as a Complement-Linked Marker of Adverse Prognosis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Global inequalities in tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer care quality from 1990 to 2021.iScience · 2026Article
- Sex differences in non-reproductive cancers: mechanistic roles of sex-hormone signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Sex differences in gastric cancer mutational burden reflect MLH1-associated epigenetic regulation.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- A comprehensive review of sex differences in the clinical outcomes to immunotherapy on solid tumors.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- A highly resolved integrated single-cell atlas of HPV-negative head and neck cancer.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- <p>Unveiling sex differences in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Current evidence and future directions (Review)</p>.International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- SexTumorDB: a comprehensive resource of sex-dependent tumor landscape at single-cell resolution.Scientific data · 2026Article
- NF-κB and STAT3 signaling uniquely stratify survival in female glioblastoma patients.iScience · 2026Article
- Therapy-induced androgen receptor signaling as a candidate upstream driver of B7-H3-linked immune exclusion in melanoma: mechanisms and translational opportunities.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Sex and gender differences in cancer pathogenesis and pharmacology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Reproducible autosomal gene expression changes with loss of typical X and Y complement across tumor types.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Prognostic influence of chronic inflammation in patients with head and neck cancer based on sex differences.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2025Review
- Tumour and microenvironment crosstalk in NSCLC progression and response to therapy.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Attenuated sex-related DNA methylation differences in cancer highlight the magnitude bias mediating existing disparities.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Tumour mutational burden: clinical utility, challenges and emerging improvements.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- [Gender medicine in lung diseases].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The processes of cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy are affected by the sex of cancer patients. Immunotherapy responses largely depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), but how sex may shape some TME features, remains unknown. Here, we analyzed immune infiltration signatures across 19 cancer types from 1771 male and 1137 female patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas to evaluate how sex may affect the tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune scores, stromal scores, tumor purity, immune cells, immune checkpoint genes, and functional pathways in the TME. Pan-cancer analyses showed higher TMB and tumor purity scores, as well as lower immune and stromal scores in male patients as compared to female patients. Lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous carcinoma, kidney papillary carcinoma, and head and neck squamous carcinoma showed the most significant sex biases in terms of infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoint gene expression, and functional pathways. We further focused on lung adenocarcinoma samples in order to identify and validate sex-specific immune cell biomarkers with prognostic potential. Overall, sex may affect the tumor microenvironment, and sex-specific TME biomarkers may help tailor cancer immunotherapy in certain cancer types.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.