ArticleBrazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]2022
Effect of electronic cigarette and tobacco smoking on the human saliva microbial community.
Article in Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology], 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between self-reported vaping and the human oral microbiome: a systematic review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Electronic Cigarette Use on the Oral Microbiota: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic analyses uncover robust salivary microbial signatures and host-microbiome perturbations in oral squamous cell carcinoma.mSystems · 2025Pooled it
- A Narrative Review on the Impact of ENDS Use on Clinical, Inflammatory and Microbiological Periodontal-Related Parameters.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Impact of e-cigarette vaping on the immune system across the body.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Smoking-induced microbial dysbiosis: a key driver of systemic diseases and emerging therapeutic opportunities.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- The microbiome in cancer.iMeta · 2025Review
- A pilot study on oral microbiome in electronic cigarettes consumers versus traditional cigarettes smokers.Folia microbiologica · 2025Article
- E-Cigarette Use, Cigarette Smoking, and Sex Are Associated With Nasal Microbiome Dysbiosis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- The Impact of E-Cigarettes on Oral Health-A Narrative Review.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
- The paradox of the safer cigarette: understanding the pulmonary effects of electronic cigarettes.The European respiratory journal · 2024Review
- The adolescent and young adult microbiome and its association with substance use: a scoping review.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2024Article
- The impact of interactions between heavy metals and smoking exposures on the formation of oral microbial communities.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Association of general health and lifestyle factors with the salivary microbiota - Lessons learned from the ADDITION-PRO cohort.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrated the oral microbial community profile characteristics affected by conventional cigarettes smoking, but few studies focus on oral microbiome in response to electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes). This study aimed to investigate the effect of E-cigarettes on the oral microbiome and to describe the difference of oral community profiles between E-cigarette smokers and tobacco smokers. 16S rRNA V4 gene sequencing was performed to investigate the oral microbial profiles of 5 E-cigarette smokers, 14 tobacco smokers, 8 quitting tobacco smokers, and 6 nonsmokers. The Chao1, ACE, and Shannon diversity indexes increased significantly in saliva samples collected from E-cigarette smokers and tobacco smokers compared to the non-smokers, and no significant difference was found in alpha diversity between E-cigarette smokers and tobacco smokers. The main phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria and major genera Neisseria, Streptococcus, Prevotellaceae, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas dominated in the smoking groups, while Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria became the dominant phyla along with the genera Corynebacterium, Neisseria, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, and Porphyromonas in the nonsmokers. The differences in the phylum Actinobacteria and genus Corynebacterium contributed to various functional differences between smokers and nonsmokers. The difference on oral microbial and composition between E-cigarettes and common tobacco were associated with increased Prevotellaceae and decreased Neisseria. Additionally, smoking cessation could lead to re-establishment of the oral microbiome to that of nonsmokers. Our data demonstrate that E-cigarette smoking had different effects on the structure and composition of the oral microbial community compared to tobacco smoking. However, the short- and long-term impact of E-cigarette smoking on microbiome composition and function needs further exploration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.