Trial reportNature medicine2022
The SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin in heart failure: the CHIEF-HF remote, patient-centered randomized trial.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2022. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. It reports registered trial NCT04252287. Cited by 142 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
The 12-week change in KCCQ TSS was 4.3 points (95% confidence interval, 0.8-7.8; P = 0.016) higher with canagliflozin than with placebo, meeting the primary endpoint.
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
SGLT2 inhibitors×cardiac & vascular function
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →12 readable studies in this cell: 6 favour the treatment, 6 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Canagliflozin: Impact on Health Status, Quality of Life, and Functional Status in Heart Failure
Open the trial in the graphThe Potential Beneficial Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure During Ventilator Weaning: a Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Guideline
- Potential placebo bias in current trials of delirium prevention: a network meta-analysis of 86 randomized controlled trials.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on health-related quality of life and functional capacity in patients with heart failure with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Pooled it
- The pharmacodynamics-based prophylactic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors on neurodegenerative diseases: evidence from a network meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Redefining outcomes of ventricular arrhythmia for SGLT2 inhibitor medication in heart failure patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular related health status in HFmrEF and HFpEF: systematic review and meta analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Interpreting Population Mean Treatment Effects in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire: A Patient-Level Meta-Analysis.JAMA cardiology · 2025Pooled it
- SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Heart Failure: A Model-Based Meta-Analysis.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Pooled it
- Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis on Functional Capacity, Symptoms, and Safety Outcomes.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2024Pooled it
- SGLT2 Inhibitors, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- The relationship between use of SGLT2is and incidence of respiratory and infectious diseases and site-specific fractures: a meta-analysis based on 32 large RCTs.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac function and health status in chronic heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The role of SGLT-2 inhibitors on health-related quality of life, exercise capacity, and volume depletion in patients with chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- SGLT-2 inhibitors on prognosis and health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular outcomes in patients treated with sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors, a network meta-analysis of randomized trials.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Dapagliflozin Improves Heart Failure Symptoms and Physical Limitations Across the Full Range of Ejection Fraction: Pooled Patient-Level Analysis From DEFINE-HF and PRESERVED-HF Trials.Circulation. Heart failure · 2023Trial
- Impact of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement in Heart Failure Clinic on Clinician Health Status Assessment and Patient Experience: A Substudy of the PRO-HF Trial.Circulation. Heart failure · 2023Trial
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
Large traditional clinical trials suggest that sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors improve symptoms in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In the midst of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, we sought to confirm these benefits in a new type of trial that was patient centered and conducted in a completely remote fashion. In the CHIEF-HF trial ( NCT04252287 ), 476 participants with HF, regardless of EF or diabetes status, were randomized to 100 mg of canagliflozin or placebo. Enrollment was stopped early due to shifting sponsor priorities, without unblinding. The primary outcome was change in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Total Symptom Score (KCCQ TSS) at 12 weeks. The 12-week change in KCCQ TSS was 4.3 points (95% confidence interval, 0.8-7.8; P = 0.016) higher with canagliflozin than with placebo, meeting the primary endpoint. Similar effects were observed in participants with HFpEF and in those with HFrEF and in participants with and without diabetes, demonstrating that canagliflozin significantly improves symptom burden in HF, regardless of EF or diabetes status. This randomized, double-blind trial, conducted without in-person interactions between doctor and patient, can serve as a model for future all-virtual clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.