ArticleScientific reports2022
Metformin use and the risk of bacterial pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients With Diabetes: Narrative Review.JMIR diabetes · 2026Review
- Quantifying lifetime risk for 1,401 infectious diseases across the diabetes spectrum using a Bayesian approach.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of diabetes medications and HbA1c levels on abdominoplasty and panniculectomy outcomes.JPRAS open · 2025Article
- Effects of Elevated Glucose on Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Airway Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Using Pharmacoepidemiology to Examine the Interplay of Sulfonylureas and Infection Risk in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Article
- Stopping Versus Continuing Metformin in Patients With Advanced CKD: A Nationwide Scottish Target Trial Emulation Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2025 · on this mapObservational
- Association Between Diabetes Mellitus-Tuberculosis and the Generation of Drug Resistance.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- A Review on Risk Factors, Traditional Diagnostic Techniques, and Biomarkers for Pneumonia Prognostication and Management in Diabetic Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Diabetes Mellitus and Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Metformin and the risks of cellulitis, foot infections, and amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2024Article
- Statin Use and Reduced Risk of Pneumonia in Patients with Melioidosis: A Lung-Specific Statin Association.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
- Metformin use before COVID-19 vaccination and the risks of COVID-19 incidence, medical utilization, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Article
- Sulfonylurea Use in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and COPD: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Metformin Use before Influenza Vaccination May Lower the Risks of Influenza and Related Complications.Vaccines · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have neutrophil dysfunction with a higher risk of infection than those without diabetes. We conducted this study aiming to compare the risk of pneumonia between metformin use and nonuse in persons with T2D. We identified 49,012 propensity score-matched metformin users and nonusers from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2017. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to compare the risks of pneumonia and respiratory death. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 57.46 (12.88) years, and the mean follow-up time for metformin users and nonusers was 5.47 (3.71) years and 5.15 (3.87) years, respectively. Compared with the nonuse of metformin, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for metformin use in bacterial pneumonia, invasive mechanical ventilation, and respiratory cause of death were 0.89 (0.84-0.94), 0.77 (0.73-0.82), and 0.64 (0.56-0.74), respectively. A longer cumulative duration of metformin use had further lower adjusted hazard ratios in these risks compared with nonuse. In patients with T2D, metformin use was associated with significantly lower risks of bacterial pneumonia, invasive mechanical ventilation, and respiratory cause of death; moreover, longer metformin use duration was associated with lower hazard ratios of these risks.
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