ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2022
Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in the First and Second Waves in Saudi Arabia.
Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 in Infants: Clinical Patterns, Laboratory Findings, and Implications for Pediatric Care in Viral Outbreaks.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2026Article
- The association between smoking and COVID-19 symptoms, severity, and post-COVID-19 symptoms: a cross-sectional survey study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Shifting respiratory pathogens: Post-COVID-19 trends in community-acquired infections in underserved communities.PloS one · 2025Article
- Clinical management and outcomes in severe COVID-19: acute respiratory distress syndrome across two waves.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2025Article
- Dynamic Patterns and Predominance of Respiratory Pathogens Post-COVID-19: Insights from a Two-Year Analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- A comparative study between first three waves of COVID-19 pandemic with respect to risk factors, initial clinic-demographic profile, severity and outcome.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- The Trend of Antibiotic Consumption After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Approach to Future Outbreaks.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against ICU admission during Omicron surge in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge and Attitude Among Healthcare Workers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2023Article
- Utility of the 4C ISARIC mortality score in hospitalized COVID-19 patients at a large tertiary Saudi Arabian center.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 vaccine had a significant positive impact on patients with SARS-COV-2 during the third (Omicron) wave in Saudi Arabia.Journal of infection and public health · 2022Article
- Initial viral cycle threshold values in patients with COVID-19 and their clinical significance.European journal of medical research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe world had witnessed the occurrence of multiple waves of the SARS-CoV-2. Data comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia during the first and second waves are lacking. This study compares the characteristics and the outcomes of patients in these 2 waves.
methodsThis is a retrospective case series of hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2. We compared epidemiological, demographic, laboratory, and clinical data.
resultsThe study included hospitalized patients admitted up to February 28, 2021 as the first wave and those admitted from March 1, 2021 as the second wave. There were 378 patients in the first wave and 241 patients in the second wave. Patients in the first wave were significantly younger (mean age and SD of 47.5 ± 20 vs 55.3 ± 18.2 years; p <0.001). In relation to symptoms, shortness of breath, wheezes, myalgia, tachypnea, and respiratory distress were significantly more common in the second wave than the first wave. On the other hand, sore throat was more common in the first wave than the second wave. Patients in the second wave had higher mean values of lymphocytes count, platelet counts, and ALT than those in the first wave. Patients in the first wave were more likely to receive antibiotics and antiviral therapy and had higher death rate (16.2% vs 8.4%; p = 0.001).
conclusionThe study showed that patients in the second wave were younger and had a lower rate of death than the first wave.
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