ArticleBMC geriatrics2022
Validity and reliability of the Thai version of the simple frailty questionnaire (T-FRAIL) with modifications to improve its diagnostic properties in the preoperative setting.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical outcomes and cost-utility analysis of comprehensive geriatric assessment models in hospitalized frail older patients in Thailand.BMC geriatrics · 2026Trial
- Development and validation of an Online Comprehensive Geriatric Screening (O-CGS) Tool.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the Frailty Questionnaire-5 (FQ-5), a PRISMA-7-derived screening tool for frailty: a diagnostic accuracy study in primary care.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Association of preoperative frailty and delayed neurocognitive recovery in older adults undergoing major elective surgery in Thailand: a single centre prospective study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Locomotive Syndrome and Its Association with Physical Activity, Frailty, and Cognitive Status Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Thailand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Home Environmental Hazard Levels Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Across Different Frailty States in Southern Thailand.Scientifica · 2026Article
- Enhanced Clinical Outcomes in Frail Patients Who Underwent Short Lumbar Fusion Surgery With the Implementation of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocol.Geriatric orthopaedic surgery & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Translation and validation of the Thai clinical frailty scale and classification tree in older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Association Between Residual Kidney Function and Frailty in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2025Article
- Frailty: a global health challenge in need of local action.BMJ global health · 2024Review
- Global frailty screening tools: Review and application of frailty screening tools from 2001 to 2023.Intractable & rare diseases research · 2024Review
- Associations between frailty and mild cognitive impairment in older adults: Evidence from rural Chiang Mai Province.PloS one · 2024Article
- Frailty Predicts in-Hospital Death in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2024Article
- The Prevalence of Elder Abuse and its Association with Frailty in Elderly Patients at the Outpatient Department of a Super-Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern Thailand.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Comparison of Frailty Assessment Tools for Older Thai Individuals at the Out-Patient Clinic of the Family Medicine Department.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Groningen Frailty Indicator-Chinese (GFI-C) for pre-frailty and frailty assessment among older people living in communities: psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral methods are available for identifying frailty, but limited tools have been validated in Thai context. Our objective was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Thai version of the Simple Frailty Questionnaire (T- FRAIL) compared to the Thai Frailty Index (TFI) and to explore modifications to improve its diagnostic properties.
methodsThe T-FRAIL was translated with permission using a standardized protocol, that included forward and back-translation. Content validity analysis was performed using input from 5 geriatricians. Test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, diagnostic properties, and options to increase the sensitivity of the questionnaire were explored. A cross-sectional study for evaluation validity and reliability was carried out among 3 hundred patients aged 60 or more undergoing elective surgery at a university hospital.
resultsThe item content validity index (I-CVI) showed 1.0 for each questionnaire item. Test-retest reliability within a 7-day interval was done in 30 patients with a good intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.880. Compared with the TFI, the T-FRAIL yielded an excellent accuracy (area under the curve = 0.882). The identification of frailty using a score of 2 points or more provided the best Youden's index at 63.1 with a sensitivity of 77.5% (95% CI 69.0-84.6) and a specificity of 85.6% (95% CI 79.6-90.3). A cutoff point of 1 out of 5 items for original T-FRAIL provided a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 61.1%. The modified T-FRAIL (T-FRAIL_M1), by reducing the "illnesses" criterion to 4 or more diseases, at a cutoff point at 1 had a sensitivity of 94.2% and a specificity of 57.8%. Another modified T-FRAIL (T-FRAIL_M2), by combining three components, at a cutoff point at 1 yielded a sensitivity of 85.8% and a specificity of 80.6%.
conclusionThe T-FRAIL and its modification demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability to identify frailty in elderly patients. The cutoff score of 1 point from 5 items from the original version of T-FRAIL and T-FRAIL_M1 provides a highly sensitive screening tool. T-FRAIL_M1 with a cutoff point of 2 and T-FRAIL_M2 yields reasonable sensitivity and specificity for practical use.
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