ArticlePloS one2022
A biopsychosocial model of severe fear of COVID-19.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Healthcare access difficulty due to fear of COVID-19 infection among women of reproductive age: multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis.African health sciences · 2026Article
- Levels and correlates of pandemic anxiety in people living with rare diseases: a cross-sectional analysis using a structural equation model.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Article
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- Long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human brain and memory.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
- COVID-19-Related Stressors and Clinical Mental Health Symptoms in a Northeast US Sample.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The relationship between fear of COVID-19 infection, fear of COVID-19 vaccination and Big Five personality traits: a mediation model.Current issues in personality psychology · 2023Article
- The Nonlinear Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Perceived Depression in the Chinese Population.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- Fear of COVID-19 among cancer patients in Henan Province, Central China: causes, results, and coping factors.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Social participation and mental health of immunocompromised individuals before and after COVID-19 vaccination-Results of a longitudinal observational study over three time points.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
introductionCOVID-19 is a respiratory infection that causes not only somatic health issues, but also frequently psychosocial burdens. The aims of this study were to investigate biopsychosocial factors that might further aggravate fear of COVID-19, and to establish a biopsychosocial model of severe fear of COVID-19.
methods368 participants were included in this study. Biopsychosocial factors observed comprised biological factors (somatic risk), psychological factors (state/trait anxiety, physical symptoms of anxiety, severe health anxiety, specific phobias, depression), and psychosocial factors (social support, financial losses, social media consumption, social contacts with COVID-19 infected people). Psychometric questionnaires included State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory, Whiteley-Index / Illness Attitude Scales, Specific Phobia Questionnaire, WHO-5 and Social Support Survey.
results162/368 (44.0%) participants had almost no fear, 170/368 (46.2%) participants had moderate fear, and 45/368 (12.2%) participants had severe fear of COVID-19. Female participants showed higher levels of fear of COVID-19 than male participants (gender: χ2 = 18.47, p<0.001). However, the level of fear of COVID-19 increased in male participants when they had contact with people who were infected with COVID-19, while in contrast the level of fear of COVID-19 decreased in female participants when they had such contacts [ANCOVA: fear of COVID-19 (contact x gender): F(1,363) = 5.596, p = .019]. Moreover, participants without relationships showed higher levels of fear of COVID-19 (marital status: χ2 = 14.582, p = 0.024). Furthermore, financial losses due to the COVID-19 were associated with higher levels of fear of COVID-19 [ANCOVA: fear of COVID-19(financial loss x gender): F(1, 363) = 22.853, p< .001]. Multiple regression analysis revealed female gender, severe health anxiety (WI-IAS) and state /trait anxiety (STAI) as significant predictors of severe fear of COVID-19.
conclusionIn this study significant predictors of severe fear of COVID-19 were female gender, pre-existing state and trait anxiety, as well as severe health anxiety. The finding of significant predictors of fear of COVID-19 might contribute to detect people who might suffer most from severe, overwhelming fear of COVID-19 at an early stage.
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