Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35224526›Full record

ArticleThe lancet. Healthy longevity2022

The effect of China's Clean Air Act on cognitive function in older adults: a population-based, quasi-experimental study.

Yao Yao, Xiaozhen Lv, Chengxuan Qiu, Jiajianghui Li, Xiao Wu, Hao Zhang, Dahai Yue, Keyang Liu, Ehab Salah Eshak, Thiess Lorenz and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The lancet. Healthy longevity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Yao YaoChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Xiaozhen LvChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Chengxuan QiuChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Jiajianghui LiChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Xiao WuChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Hao ZhangChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Dahai YueChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Keyang LiuChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Ehab Salah EshakChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Thiess LorenzChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Kaarin J AnsteyChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Gill LivingstonChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Tao XueChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Junfeng ZhangChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Huali WangChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Yi ZengChina Center for Health Development Studies (Y Yao MD), Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development (Y Yao, Prof Y Zeng PhD), Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital (X Lv PhD, Prof H Wang MD), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (X Lv, Prof H Wang), Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (J Li MS, T Xue PhD), Peking University, Beijing, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof C Qiu PhD); Stanford Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (X Wu PhD); Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA (H Zhang PhD); Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA (D Yue PhD); Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan (K Liu PhD, E Salah Eshak PhD); School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (K Liu); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt (E Salah Eshak); Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (T Lorenz MA); Aging Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof K J Anstey PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK (Prof G Livingston MD); Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment (Prof J Zhang PhD), Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division (Prof Y Zeng), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Peking University · CNPeking University Sixth Hospital · CN

Funding

THE RANGE OF MALE-FEMALE MORTALITY DIFFERENCESP01AG031719 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI ZENG, YI · 2009 to 2020
$10.2M
NIA NIH HHS P01 AG031719
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAir pollution might accelerate cognitive ageing; it is unclear whether large-scale interventions, such as China's Clean Air Act (CCAA), can mitigate cognitive deterioration. We aimed to evaluate the effect of CCAA on changes in cognitive function in older adults.

methodsIn this population-based, quasi-experimental study, we did a difference-in-differences analysis of the data collected during the 2014 and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The study design used a counterfactual analysis feature by dividing CLHLS participants into two groups. The intervention group included participants who lived in areas where the provincial government set a target of reducing particulate matter (PM) by at least 5% annually from 2014 onward, whereas the control group consisted of individuals who lived in areas without a PM reduction target. Global cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used fixed-effects models to examine the between-group differences in MMSE score changes before and after CCAA implementation. We associated longitudinal changes in MMSE scores with changes in concentrations of PM with a diameter of less than 2·5 μm (PM

findings2812 individuals participated in the 2014 and 2018 surveys (mean age 81·0 years [SD 9·3] in 2014; 1408 [50·1%] female and 1404 [49·9%] male). 2251 (80·0%) were included in the intervention group and 561 (20·0%) in the control group. After controlling for potential confounders, the intervention group had a significantly smaller decline in MMSE scores from 2014 to 2018 compared with the control group: the mean between-group difference was 2·45 points (95% CI 1·32-3·57). Interquartile increases in PM

interpretationImplementing stringent clean air policies might mitigate the risk of air pollutant-associated cognitive ageing in older people.

fundingNational Natural Sciences Foundation of China, National Key R&D Program of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project, the Duke/Duke-National University of Singapore Collaboration Pilot Project, the National Institute on Aging and Peking University-Baidu Fund, Energy Foundation, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

Indexed as

Air PollutionAgedAged, 80 and overChinaCognitionFemaleHumansMaleParticulate MatterPilot ProjectsParticulate Matter

Identifiers

PMID35224526
PMCPMC8881012
OpenAlexW4210887419

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

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