ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: Relationship and Therapeutic Strategies.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between atherogenic index of plasma and various metabolic conditions: an umbrella review on meta-analyses.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Single Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Meal Consumption on Postprandial Lipemia and Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- A novel fasting mimetic (Mimio) creates fasting-like benefits to hunger control, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic health in humans.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio Improves Discrimination of Severe Atherosclerosis Beyond Conventional Lipid Markers in High-Risk Statin-Naive Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association of the atherogenic index of plasma and its integrative novel adiposity-based composites with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: novel adiposity-derived AIP indices provide modest incremental prognostic information.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Association of the single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) index and incident cardiovascular disease in early-stage CKM syndrome: insights from the UK biobank.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Plasma Atherogenic Index Predicts Malignant Arrhythmias in Non-STElevation Myocardial Infarction.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2026Article
- Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol as a Prognostic Risk Factor in Premature Acute Coronary Syndrome with Multivessel Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
- Effect of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Combined With High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein on Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: A National Cohort Study.Clinical cardiology · 2026Observational
- Association of the atherogenic index of plasma and a novel triglyceride-glucose-body shape index with stroke: insights from NHANES and machine learning approaches.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Enhanced Qualities of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) with Antioxidant Abilities Are Associated with Lower Susceptibility of Hypertension in Middle-Aged Korean Participants: Impaired HDL Quality and Hypertension Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Special Issue: "Recent Advances in Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia and Type 2 Diabetes".Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Single point insulin sensitivity estimator index is associated with predominance of atherogenic small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles in Korean obese adults: a retrospective study.Korean journal of family medicine · 2026Article
- Combined discriminative value of SII and sdLDL-C for 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with unstable angina pectoris.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolic regulation of gut barrier integrity in IBD: protein, lipid, and carbohydrate pathways.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- The Diagnostic Value of sdLDL-C for Acute Coronary Syndrome with Coexisting Hypertension and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Northeast China.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Small dense LDL: An underestimated driver of atherosclerosis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Association of Apolipoprotein E polymorphism with lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Its Association withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plays an important role in the formation, incidence, and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Low-density lipoproteins can be divided into two categories: large and light LDL-C and small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C). In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that sdLDL-C has a strong ability to cause AS because of its unique characteristics, such as having small-sized particles and low density. Therefore, this has become the focus of further research. However, the specific mechanisms regarding the involvement of sdLDL-C in AS have not been fully explained. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of sdLDL-C in AS by reviewing relevant literature in recent years. It was found that sdLDL-C can increase the atherogenic effect by regulating the activity of gene networks, monocytes, and enzymes. This article also reviews the research progress on the effects of sdLDL-C on endothelial function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation; it also discusses its intervention effect. Diet, exercise, and other non-drug interventions can improve sdLDL-C levels. Further, drug interventions such as statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, and niacin have also been found to improve sdLDL-C levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.