ReviewInflammatory intestinal diseases2022
Proactive versus Reactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Why, When, and How?
Review in Inflammatory intestinal diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Stewardship Challenges, PK/PD Evidence, and Prescribing Appropriateness for Recently Approved Antibiotics in Pediatric Practice.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Is Routine Monitoring of TNF-α Inhibitor Levels and Antibodies in Pediatric IBD Justified in the Era of Personalized Medicine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- [Research progress on biologics and therapeutic drug monitoring in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Review
- The Durability of Anti-TNF Therapy for Crohn's Disease Is Higher in Anti-TNF Naïve Patients and Increases With Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2025Article
- Challenges in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children: A Narrative Review.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2025Review
- The relationship among vedolizumab drug concentrations, biomarkers of inflammation, and clinical outcomes in a Canadian real-world study.Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Point-of-Care Assays for Infliximab Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with IBD: Is Quicker Better?Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Article
- Recent developments in the assessment and management of inflammatory bowel disease in childhood: a narrative review.Translational pediatrics · 2023Review
- Pharmacogenomics: Driving Personalized Medicine.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Iranian Consensus Guideline for Pharmacotherapy with Biologics and Small Molecules Drugs in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Middle East journal of digestive diseases · 2023Article
- 90K/Mac-2 BP Is a New Predictive Biomarker of Response to Infliximab Therapy in IBD Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Observational
- Ustekinumab trough levels in children with Crohn's disease refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor agents: a prospective case series of off-label use.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Treatment With Adalimumab 80 mg Every Other Week in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results of Treatment Intensification in Clinical Practice.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2023Article
- Cytokine Profile at Diagnosis Affecting Trough Concentration of Infliximab in Pediatric Crohn's Disease.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Under the Umbrella of Clinical Pharmacology: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Infliximab and Adalimumab, and a Bridge to an Era of Biosimilars.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Biologics: how far can they go in Crohn's disease?Gastroenterology report · 2022Review
- Therapeutic drug monitoring for biological medications in inflammatory bowel disease.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology AssociationReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUp to a third of inflammatory bowel disease) patients show primary nonresponse to antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biological therapy, and of those who respond, up to 40% develop secondary loss of response (LOR). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plays a crucial role in assessing patients with LOR to guide therapy by giving more of the drug or switching to a different biological agent. Although reactive TDM is suggested or recommended by the majority of gastroenterology associations, proactive TDM seems to be more controversial. SUMMARY: In this article, we discuss the updated guidelines on TDM and will also discuss the available data supporting proactive and reactive TDM in patients with Crohn's disease and those with ulcerative colitis using the different available biological agents. KEY MESSAGES: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a valuable tool to aid in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy optimization. Reactive TDM is widely accepted in IBD patients with suspected loss of response, especially in those receiving antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents. Proactive TDM is emerging as a reasonable approach to patients initiated on anti-TNF therapy, specifically infliximab and, to some extent, adalimumab, particularly for patients with severe ulcerative colitis and fistulizing Crohn's disease. Similarly, TDM may play a role in patients considering de-escalation from combination therapy. To date, proactive TDM is not widely applied to ustekinumab and vedolizumab and more data are required before this becomes part of clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.