ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid inactivation kinetics of a broad range of viruses on a continuously self-cleaning polymer surface.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Phylogeographic dynamics of oropouche virus in the Colombian Amazon: Evolutionary insights in a climatic context.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Comparing frequentist and Bayesian methods to identify drivers of pathogen strain invasion: A temporal case study of pertussis in the United States.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Article
- Utilizing virus genomic surveillance to predict vaccine effectiveness.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploring cooperation among social pathogens: a computational perspective.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Beyond Structure: The Dynamic Role of the Extracellular Matrix Components in Immune Evasion.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- Vaccination-driven evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in Korea: implication for the control of other coronavirus infections.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Article
- Spray-Dried Serum for Inhaled Antiviral Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- A trimer ancestral spike-based mRNA vaccine confers cross-generational protection against SADS-CoV.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Neutralizing Antibodies vs. Viruses: Interacting Mechanisms and Escape Tactics.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Understanding the landscape of cross-species transmission, epidemiology, phylogenetics, and antigenicity of HPAI strain A(H5N1) causing a recent outbreak in the USA.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Exploring the oncogenic potential of SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Identification of an Unnatural Sulfated Monosaccharide as a High-Affinity Ligand for Pan-Variant Targeting of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein.ACS chemical biology · 2025Article
- Looking beyond the origin of SARS-CoV-2: Significant strategic aspects during the five-year journey of COVID-19 vaccine development.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- The intricate interplay among microbiota, mucosal immunity, and viral infection in the respiratory tract.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Viral escape-inspired framework for structure-guided dual bait protein biosensor design.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- A systematic evaluation of the language-of-viral-escape model using multiple machine learning frameworks.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The infective SARS-CoV-2 is more prone to immune escape. Presently, the significant variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging in due course of time with substantial mutations, having the immune escape property. Simultaneously, the vaccination drive against this virus is in progress worldwide. However, vaccine evasion has been noted by some of the newly emerging variants. Our review provides an overview of the emerging variants' immune escape and vaccine escape ability. We have illustrated a broad view related to viral evolution, variants, and immune escape ability. Subsequently, different immune escape approaches of SARS-CoV-2 have been discussed. Different innate immune escape strategies adopted by the SARS-CoV-2 has been discussed like, IFN-I production dysregulation, cytokines related immune escape, immune escape associated with dendritic cell function and macrophages, natural killer cells and neutrophils related immune escape, PRRs associated immune evasion, and NLRP3 inflammasome associated immune evasion. Simultaneously we have discussed the significant mutations related to emerging variants and immune escape, such as mutations in the RBD region (N439K, L452R, E484K, N501Y, K444R) and other parts (D614G, P681R) of the S-glycoprotein. Mutations in other locations such as NSP1, NSP3, NSP6, ORF3, and ORF8 have also been discussed. Finally, we have illustrated the emerging variants' partial vaccine (BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA/Oxford-AstraZeneca/BBIBP-CorV/ZF2001/Moderna mRNA/Johnson & Johnson vaccine) escape ability. This review will help gain in-depth knowledge related to immune escape, antibody escape, and partial vaccine escape ability of the virus and assist in controlling the current pandemic and prepare for the next.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.