ReviewBiomarker insights2022
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: The Search for the Optimal Biomarker.
Review in Biomarker insights, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiome and Response to Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Oncology research · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy, safety, and PD-L1-defined outcomes of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Combined atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer: a meta-analysis on their efficacy and safety.BMC cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: current trends and future prospects.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Review
- The Combination of CD300c Antibody with PD-1 Blockade Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cytoplasmic HMGB1 promotes the activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling and PD-L1 expression in breast cancer.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Investigation the immunotherapeutic potential of miR-4477a targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in breast cancer cell line using a CD8Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of the HER2-enriched intrinsic molecular subtype in primary ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Recent Advancements in Breast Cancer Therapies and Biomarkers: Mechanisms and Clinical Significance.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitor‑based immunotherapy in locally advanced or metastatic triple‑negative breast cancer: A meta‑analysis.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- A hybrid method for discovering interferon-gamma inducing peptides in human and mouse.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- ASAH1 facilitates TNBC by DUSP5 suppression-driven activation of MAP kinase pathway and represents a therapeutic vulnerability.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Mismatch repair protein deficiency in triple-negative breast carcinomas.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- Shortwave-Infrared-Emitting Nanoprobes for CD8 Targeting and In Vivo Imaging of Cytotoxic T Cells in Breast Cancer.Advanced nanobiomed research · 2024Article
- Reconstruction of unreported subgroup survival data with PD-L1-low expression in advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer using innovative KMSubtraction workflow.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Remodeling of tumour microenvironment: strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance and innovate immunoengineering in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Exploring the human microbiome - A step forward for precision medicine in breast cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Review
- Article
- Narrative review on the role of immunotherapy in early triple negative breast cancer: unveiling opportunities and overcoming challenges.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high-risk and aggressive malignancy characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the surface of malignant cells, and by the lack of overexpression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). It has limited therapeutic options compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. There is now a growing body of evidence on the role of immunotherapy in TNBC, however much of the data from clinical trials is conflicting and thus, challenging for clinicians to integrate the data into clinical practice. Landmark phase III trials using immunotherapy in the early-stage neoadjuvant setting concluded that the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy improved the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate compared to chemotherapy with placebo while others found no significant improvement in pCR. Phase III trials have investigated the utility of immunotherapy in previously untreated metastatic TNBC, and these studies have similarly arrived at inconsistent conclusions. Some studies showed no benefit while others demonstrated a clinically significant improvement in overall survival in the PD-L1 positive population. It is not yet clear which biomarkers are most useful, and assays for these biomarkers have not been standardized. Given the often serious and severe side effects of immunotherapy, it is important and necessary to identify predictive biomarkers of response and resistance in order to enhance patient selection. In this review, we will discuss both the challenges of traditional biomarkers and the opportunities of emerging biomarkers for patient selection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.