ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2022
Sustained Impact of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax on Beverage Prices and Sales Over 2 Years.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of soda tax on beverage price, sale, purchase, and consumption in the US: a systematic review and meta-analysis of natural experiments.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of Sales From Vending Machines With 4 Different Food and Beverage Messages: A Randomized Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Impact of sugary drink taxes on beverage calories purchased in a national fast food restaurant chain: A quasi-experimental study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- How does the Kids SIPAmerican journal of agricultural economics · 2026Article
- Restaurant Advertising Expenditure Patterns in US Counties by Race, Ethnicity, and Income.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- A causal framework for evaluating drivers of policy effect heterogeneity using difference-in-differences.Health services & outcomes research methodology · 2026Article
- An application of the augmented synthetic control method within a target trial framework: the case of the soda tax policy in California.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Philadelphia Beverage Tax and Pediatric Weight Outcomes.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Article
- Associations of the Philadelphia sweetened beverage tax with changes in adult body weight: an interrupted time series analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of implemented global dietary interventions: a scoping review of fiscal policies.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Commodity prices and economic growth: Empirical evidence from countries with different income groups.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Impact of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax on Perceived Beverage Healthfulness, Tax Awareness, and Tax Opinions.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2024Article
- Advertising and Stocking at Small Retailers: A Sweetened Beverage Excise Tax in Philadelphia.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Childhood Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption: an Agent-Based Model of Context-Specific Reduction Efforts.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Changes in Dental Outcomes After Implementation of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Philadelphia Beverage Tax and Association With Prices, Purchasing, and Individual-Level Substitution in a National Pharmacy Chain.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Assessment of Calories Purchased After Calorie Labeling of Prepared Foods in a Large Supermarket Chain.JAMA internal medicine · 2022Article
- Low-income parents' perceptions of a sweetened beverage tax in Philadelphia.Journal of nutritional science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIt is unclear whether changes in beverage price and sales after beverage tax implementation can be sustained long term. This study aims to quantify the changes in beverage prices and sales in large retailers 2 years after the implementation of the 1.5 cents per ounce Philadelphia beverage tax.
methodsData on price and volume sales of beverages and potential food substitutes were collected from 109 supermarkets, 45 mass merchandizers, and 350 pharmacies in Philadelphia, Baltimore (control), and Pennsylvania ZIP codes bordering Philadelphia (to investigate potential cross-border shopping for tax avoidance). Difference-in-differences analyses compared beverage prices and volume sales in the year before tax implementation (2016) to 2 years after (2018). Data were analyzed in 2020-2021.
resultsDifference-in-differences analyses found that after tax implementation, taxed beverage prices in Philadelphia increased by 1.02 cents per ounce (95% CI=0.94, 1.11; 68% pass through), and taxed beverage volume sales in stores decreased by 50% (95% CI=36%, 61%). After accounting for cross-border shopping, taxed beverage volume sales decreased in Philadelphia by 35% in 2018. Volume sales of nontaxed beverages did not change after tax implementation (difference-in-differences=4%, 95% CI= -3%, 12%). Volume sales of nontaxed beverage concentrates increased on average by 34% (95% CI=19%, 51%), but there was no evidence of substitution to high-calorie foods.
conclusionsThere was a large reduction in taxed beverage volume sales 2 years after Philadelphia tax implementation, even after accounting for cross-border shopping. Increases in nontaxed beverage concentrate sales likely partially offset this decline, but there was no evidence of post-tax food substitution.
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Registered trials
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