Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35220892›Full record

ArticleAutophagy2022

Chloroquine treatment induces secretion of autophagy-related proteins and inclusion of Atg8-family proteins in distinct extracellular vesicle populations.

Jing Xu, Kevin C Yang, Nancy Erro Go, Shane Colborne, Cally J Ho, Elham Hosseini-Beheshti, Alf H Lystad, Anne Simonsen, Emma Tomlinson Guns, Gregg B Morin and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Autophagy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Autophagic stress activates distinct compensatory secretory pathways in neurons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Jing XuCanada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0373-5120
Kevin C YangCanada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6337-6206
Nancy Erro GoCanada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Shane ColborneCanada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Cally J HoCanada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1871-6747
Elham Hosseini-BeheshtiSchool of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW Australia.
Alf H LystadDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Anne SimonsenDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-4711-7057
Emma Tomlinson GunsThe Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Gregg B MorinCanada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8949-4374
Sharon M GorskiCanada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-3821-8289
Simon Fraser University · CAUniversity of British Columbia · CACanada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre · CAOslo University Hospital · NOThe University of Sydney · AUUniversity of Oslo · NO

Funding

CIHR MOP-78882CIHR OBC127216
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chloroquine (CQ), a lysosomotropic agent, is commonly used to inhibit lysosomal degradation and macroautophagy/autophagy. Here we investigated the cell-extrinsic effects of CQ on secretion. We showed that lysosomal and autophagy inhibition by CQ altered the secretome, and induced the release of Atg8 orthologs and autophagy receptors. Atg8-family proteins, in particular, were secreted inside small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in a lipidation-dependent manner. CQ treatment enhanced the release of Atg8-family proteins inside sEVs. Using full-length ATG16L1 and an ATG16L1 mutant that enables Atg8-family protein lipidation on double but not on single membranes, we demonstrated that LC3B is released in two distinct sEV populations: one enriched with SDCBP/Syntenin-1, CD63, and endosomal lipidated LC3B, and another that contains LC3B but is not enriched with SDCBP/Syntenin-1 or CD63, and which our data supports as originating from a double-membrane source. Our findings underscore the context-dependency of sEV heterogeneity and composition, and illustrate the integration of autophagy and sEV composition in response to lysosomal inhibition.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesSynteninsApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsAutophagyAutophagy-Related Protein 8 FamilyAutophagy-Related ProteinsChloroquinegamma-Aminobutyric AcidApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsAutophagy-Related Protein 8 FamilyAutophagy-Related ProteinsChloroquinegamma-Aminobutyric AcidSynteninsATG16L1Atg8autophagyCD63chloroquineendosomeextracellular vesiclelysosomeMAP1LC3BSDCBP/syntenin-1

Identifiers

PMID35220892
PMCPMC9629075
OpenAlexW4214715272

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.