ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2022
E-scooter driving under the acute influence of alcohol-a real-driving fitness study.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- E-scooter attitudes and risk-taking behaviours: an international systematic literature review and survey responses in the West Midlands, United Kingdom.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Interpol review of forensic toxicology, 2023-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
- Driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs on e-scooters: a toxicological perspective of public health and road safety in Leipzig, Germany.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of moderate alcohol consumption on visuo-motor skills in neurosurgical residents.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- The "Mellanby effect" in alcoholised e-scooter drivers.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo assess the effects of alcohol on the ability to drive an e-scooter, driving tests reflecting real-life situations accompanied by medical examinations focusing on balance were conducted at different blood alcohol concentrations (BACs).
methodsFifty-seven subjects who consumed alcohol (28 female, 29 male) and 6 consistently sober subjects (3 female, 3 male) participated in the study. Alcohol was administered on a fixed schedule, and the individual drinking quantity was individually calculated in advance using the Widmark formula. Repeated runs through a fixed course were performed. Following each ride, a blood sample was taken for BAC determination, and medical tests were performed.
resultsEven at low BACs (0.21-0.60 g/kg), subjects showed a significant decrease in driving performance, to approximately 60% of the initial level. Differences in driving performance at different BAC ranges were observed for different obstacles, especially for the narrowing track, gate passage, slalom, and driving in circles obstacles. Furthermore, worse Romberg and Unterberger test results were correlated with worse driving performance. It cannot be assumed that learning effects during the study had a relevant effect, as shown in the comparison of the driving performance of the alcohol-consuming group with that of the control group. Sex-specific differences were not found. DISCUSSION: Significant deteriorations in driving performance at BACs below 1.10 g/kg confirmed alcohol-related risk potential when using e-scooters. At this time, these findings may lead to the assumption of "relative driving impairment" in Germany. The Romberg and Unterberger tests could be considered a complementary investigation method for the assessment of e-scooter driving impairment.
conclusionEven at rather low BACs between 0.21 and 0.40 g/kg, there was a significant deterioration in driving performance under the influence of alcohol compared to sober, which highlights the negative effects of alcohol on e-scooter driving.
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Registered trials
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