ReviewJournal of autoimmunity2022
Relapsed and newly diagnosed Graves' disease due to immunization against COVID-19: A case series and review of the literature.
Review in Journal of autoimmunity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine system after 2 years of COVID-19 vaccines: A narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Graves' disease following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of the reported cases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Autoimmune diseases in the era of COVID-19: emerging mechanisms, clinical implications, vaccine considerations, and future directions.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Risk of developing thyroid eye disease in patients with thyroid dysfunction that received a COVID-19 vaccination.Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie · 2026Article
- Assessing the Causal Association Between COVID-19 and Graves Disease: Mendelian Randomization Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of Graves' disease following COVID-19 infection or vaccination: a multicenter case-control study.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccine-induced autoimmune hyperthyroidism: Graves' disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Increased incidence of Graves' disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents in the United States.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Article
- New-onset and relapsed Graves' disease following COVID-19 vaccination: a comprehensive review of reported cases.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- COVID-19 vaccination and thyroiditis.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2023Review
- Graves' disease after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a case report and review of the literature.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Review
- Graves' orbitopathy post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: report on six patients.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Association of COVID-19 vaccination before conception with maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy: A single-center study in China.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- New-onset Thyroid Eye Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination in a Radioactive Iodine-Treated Graves' Disease Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2023Review
- Association of COVID-19 vaccination before conception with maternal liver function during early pregnancy: a cohort study of 7745 Chinese pregnant women.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may trigger thyroid autoimmunity: real-life experience and review of the literature.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Review
- Acute-type acquired hemophilia A after COVID-19 mRNA vaccine administration: A new disease entity?Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors such as viruses are thought to be triggers in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Graves' disease (GD). In this context, AITD cases that may be associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or immunization have begun to be reported in increasing numbers. Although it is not clear by which pathogenetic mechanisms immunization against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggers the development of AITD, both the potential effect of the adjuvants in the vaccines and the cross-reactivity that can be generated by the molecular similarity of viral particles with mammalian proteins seem to be possible mechanisms. In this article, 7 GD patients consisting of relapsed and newly diagnosed cases following the COVID-19 vaccination were presented. Of these 7 cases, 5 (71.4%) were female, and the median age of the patients was 47 years (range, 31-53). One of the patients was associated with the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, while the others were associated with the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. The median post-vaccination symptom onset was 7 days (range, 4-30). Three of the patients had a history of GD and one had a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Rapidly developing Graves' ophthalmopathy was detected in one patient. These cases are cautionary that GD and its extrathyroidal manifestations may develop in a short period after COVID-19 vaccination. When considered together with the literature review, the history of AITD in approximately half of the patients suggests that more attention should be paid to these patients in the post-vaccination period. Nevertheless, multicenter, prospective studies are needed to better understand this possible causal relationship.
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