ArticleJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2022
Frequency of Sweet and Salty Snack Food Consumption Is Associated with Higher Intakes of Overconsumed Nutrients and Weight-For-Length z Scores During Infancy and Toddlerhood.
Article in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Snack Confusion: Parents perceive baby, child and adult snacks as more similar than they actually are.Current research in food science · 2025Article
- Intake of Snacks and Sweets in a National Study of Built and Social Environments: the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Survey of Emotional Themes Used in Marketing of Commercial Baby Foods in the UK-Implications for Nutrition Promotion in Early Childhood.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Benchmarking the nutrient composition and labelling practices of finger foods and snacks for older infants and young children across seven Southeast Asian countries.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- High unhealthy food and beverage consumption is associated with poor diet quality among 12-35-month-olds in Guédiawaye Department, Senegal.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCurrent dietary guidelines recommend avoiding foods and beverages with added sugars and higher sodium before age 2 years.
objectiveThe aim was to describe daily snack food intake (frequency and total energy) and the associations with overconsumed nutrients (added sugars, sodium, and saturated fats) and child weight-for-length z scores.
designA cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from an ongoing longitudinal intervention was conducted. PARTICIPANTS AND
settingA sample of 141 caregivers with infants (aged 9 to 11 months) and toddlers (aged 12 to 15 months) was recruited in Buffalo, NY, between 2017 and 2019.
main outcome measuresThree 24-hour dietary recalls were used to categorize 'sweet and salty snack foods' or 'commercial baby snack foods' based on the US Department of Agriculture What We Eat in America food group classifications and estimate nutrient intakes. Child recumbent length and weight were measured by trained researchers. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Daily frequency (times/day), energy (kcal/day), and overconsumed nutrients from snack food intake were calculated. Multivariable regression models examined associations between the frequency of and energy from snack food intake with overconsumed nutrients and child weight-for-length z scores.
resultsInfants consumed snack foods on average 1.2 times/day contributing 5.6% of total daily energy, 19.6% of added sugars, and 6.8% of sodium. Toddlers consumed snack foods on average 1.4 times/day contributing 8.9% of total daily energy, 40.0% of added sugars, and 7.2% of sodium. In adjusted models including all children, greater frequency of sweet and salty snack food intake, but not commercial baby snack foods, was associated with higher weight-for-length z scores.
conclusionsSnack foods are frequently consumed by infants and toddlers and contribute to the intake of overconsumed nutrients such as added sugars and sodium. Given the current guidelines to avoid added sugars and higher sodium before age 2 years, additional recommendations related to nutrient-dense snack intake may be beneficial.
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