Trial reportBMC public health2022
Gender differences in nutritional status and determinants among infants (6-11 m): a cross-sectional study in two regions in Ethiopia.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02479815 (Assessing the Safety of Iron Supplementation in Micronutrient Powder), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessing the Safety of Iron Supplementation in Micronutrient Powder (MNPs)
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of gender in early childcare practices in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Household Food Insecurity, Growth and Development of Preschool Children: Evidence From Rural Pakistan.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Trial
- Association between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms, socioeconomic factors, and birth outcomes with infant growth in South Africa.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Article
- Son preference and regional inequalities in girls undernutrition in India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Do children's feeding practices affect growth outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa? A multi-country study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary and non-dietary factors of undernutrition using Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure in children aged 6-23 months in Democratic Republic of the Congo: the 2023 National Nutrition Survey.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2026Article
- Exploring the multifactorial predictors of stunting in children under five: A systematic review of the literature, 2015-2024.Journal of public health research · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Malnutrition among Children Under Five Years with Clefts Attending a Hospital in Rwanda.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2025Article
- Determinants of height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) among Ethiopian children aged 0-59 months: a multilevel mixed-effects analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Contextual determinates of under-five malnutrition in mining communities: a critical review of nutrition interventions for optimal impact.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Determinants of household food security and nutritional status of children 24-59 months in Namutumba District, Busoga Sub-region, Uganda.Journal of nutritional science · 2025Article
- Impact of Low Birth Weight and Other Determinants on Stunting in Children Under-Five Years Old: Evidence from Indonesia's Nutrition Status Survey.International journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence of stunting and its correlates among children under 5 in Afghanistan: the potential impact of basic and full vaccination.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- An evolution of inequality of opportunity in the nutritional outcomes of under-five children in Malawi.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Gender-specific disaggregated analysis of childhood undernutrition in Ethiopia: evidence from 2000-2016 nationwide survey.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Exploring Factors Associated with Stunting in 6-Month-Old Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Sulawesi, Indonesia.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Anthropometric Indicators and Dietary Intake in Toddlers Aged from 12 to 24 Months Who Attended Private Clinics in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA limited number of studies suggest that boys may have a higher risk of stunting than girls in low-income countries. Little is known about the causes of these gender differences. The objective of the study was to assess gender differences in nutritional status and its determinants among infants in Ethiopia.
methodsWe analyzed data for 2036 children (6-11 months old) collected as the baseline for a multiple micronutrient powders effectiveness study in two regions of Ethiopia in March-April 2015. Child, mother, and household characteristics were investigated as determinants of stunting and wasting. Multiple logistic regression models were used separately for boys and girls to check for gender differences while adjusting for confounders. The study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ with the clinical trials identifier of NCT02479815.
resultsStunting and wasting prevalence is significantly higher among boys compared to girls, 18.7 vs 10.7% and 7.9 vs 5.4%, respectively. Untimely initiation of breastfeeding, not-exclusive breastfeeding at the age of 6 months, region of residence, and low maternal education are significant predictors of stunting in boys. Untimely introduction to complementary food and low consumption of legumes/nuts are significant predictors of stunting in both boys and girls, and low egg consumption only in girls. Region of residence and age of the mother are significant determinants of wasting in both sexes. Analysis of interaction terms for stunting, however, shows no differences in predictors between boys and girls; only for untimely initiation of breastfeeding do the results for boys (OR 1.46; 95%CI 1.02,2.08) and girls (OR 0.88; 95%CI 0.55,1.41) tend to be different (p = 0.12).
conclusionIn Ethiopia, boys are more malnourished than girls. Exclusive breastfeeding and adequate dietary diversity of complementary feeding are important determinants of stunting in boys and girls. There are no clear gender interactions for the main determinants of stunting and wasting. These findings suggest that appropriate gender-sensitive guidance on optimum infant and young child feeding practices is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.