ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2022
Genetically predicted sex hormone levels and health outcomes: phenome-wide Mendelian randomization investigation.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic drivers of etiologic heterogeneity in thyroid cancer.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- X-chromosome and kidney function: evidence from a multi-trait genetic analysis of 908,697 individuals reveals sex-specific and sex-differential findings in genes regulated by androgen response elements.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- Plasma proteins and onset of type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications: Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization and clinical trial evidence supports TYK2 inhibition as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.EBioMedicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Plasma apolipoprotein E protein attenuates pulmonary fibrosis through LRP1 and PLAU dual receptor-mediated TGF-β/Smad inhibition.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Sex-specific omics scores of sex hormones and associations with metabolic and sleep disorders.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Unconventional multi-morbidity patterns in older adults: results from 39,172 Chinese health examination population at primary healthcare centers.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Higher Circulating Testosterone Linked to Higher CAD Risk in Men: Mendelian Randomization and Survival Analyses.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Genetic Association Between Sex Hormones, Serum Urate, and Gout: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Better adherence to the life's essential 8 can reduce the risk of gallstone disease: mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Associations between sex hormones and obesity-related indicators: results from the NHANES and Mendelian randomization study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Clinical implications of bone marrow adiposity identified by phenome-wide association and Mendelian randomization in the UK Biobank.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Safety profile of lanreotide: a retrospective post-marketing pharmacovigilance study based on the real-world data from FAERS database.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Sex hormone-binding globulin controls sex-specific lipolytic activity in human abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
- Associations of Serum Testosterone and SHBG With Incident Fractures in Middle-aged to Older Men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition, Diabetes, and Longevity: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Concentration and genetic regulation of sex hormone binding globulin and fracture risk in older women.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2025Article
- Association of ethylene oxide exposure with sex hormones in the general US population: a cross-sectional study.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone and oestradiol have been associated with many diseases in observational studies; however, the causality of associations remains unestablished.
methodsA phenome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) association study was performed to explore disease outcomes associated with genetically proxied circulating SHBG, testosterone and oestradiol levels by using updated genetic instruments in 339 197 unrelated White British individuals (54% female) in the UK Biobank. Two-sample MR analyses with data from large genetic studies were conducted to replicate identified associations in phenome-wide MR analyses. Multivariable MR analyses were performed to investigate mediation effects of hormone-related biomarkers in observed associations with diseases.
resultsPhenome-wide MR analyses examined associations of genetically predicted SHBG, testosterone and oestradiol levels with 1211 disease outcomes, and identified 28 and 13 distinct phenotypes associated with genetically predicted SHBG and testosterone, respectively; 22 out of 28 associations for SHBG and 10 out of 13 associations for testosterone were replicated in two-sample MR analyses. Higher genetically predicted SHBG levels were associated with a reduced risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, diabetic complications, coronary atherosclerotic outcomes, gout and benign and malignant neoplasm of uterus, but an increased risk of varicose veins and fracture (mainly in females). Higher genetically predicted testosterone levels were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary atherosclerotic outcomes, gout and coeliac disease mainly in males, but an increased risk of cholelithiasis in females.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that sex hormones may causally affect risk of several health outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.